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Pharmacology Final Part 6
Aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and trimethoprim
26
Health Care
Graduate
12/18/2008

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Cards

Term

which drugs are aminoglycosides?

 

And how are they administered?

Definition

gentamicin

tobramycin

amikacin

 

all administered IV

Term
what are aminglycosides used to treat?
Definition

gram neg bacilli

 

(narrow spectrum)

Term
why are indications limited for aminoglycosides?
Definition
bc they can cause serious injury to the inner ears and kidneys
Term
how must you dose aminoglycosides?
Definition
based on serum concentrations
Term
MOA of aminoglycosides
Definition

1. Interrupt protein synthesis

2. cause premature termination of protein synthesis

3. cause production of abnormal proteins

 

EXHIBIT A POSTANTIBIOTIC EFFECT (KILL EFFECT)

Term
which type of antibiotic exhibits a postantibiotic effect?
Definition
aminoglycosides
Term
which types of aminoglycosides treat conjunctivitis (caused by gram - bacilli) through opthalmic drops?
Definition

gentamicin

tobramycin

Term
how are aminoglycosides excreted?
Definition

renally

 

and they are not metabolized

Term
AEs of aminoglycosides
Definition

Ototoxicity (not reversible)

Nephrotoxicity

neuromuscular blockade

 

(AEs are related to high trough levels -- good to give an entire daily dose in one daily dose)

 

Term
what should you make sure to not use when taking aminoglycosides?
Definition

ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs

sk mm relaxants

 

bc it would increase its already existing SEs

Term
Which aminoglycoside is reserved for use in hospitals where they have shown resistance?
Definition
amikacin
Term
which 2 infections does gentamicin primarily treat?
Definition

pseudomonas

and 

enterococcus

Term
what does tobramycin primarily treat?
Definition
same as gentamicin, but more pseudomonas and less enteroccocus
Term
which antibiotic is available in a nebulizer to treat pts with cystic fibrosis?
Definition
tobramycin
Term
which antibiotics disrupt synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid?
Definition

sulfonamides

trimethoprin

Term
what drugs are sulfonamides?
Definition

sulfasoxazole

sulfamethoxazole

sulfasalazine

silver sulfadiazine

mafenide

sulfacetamide

Term
which sulfonamide can be used as eye or ear drops?
Definition
sulfacetamide
Term
which sulfonamide is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease?
Definition
sulfasalazine
Term
which sulfonamide is used as a topical cream to treat burns?
Definition

silver sulfadiazine

 

and mafenide but it stings more

Term
what do sulfonamides treat?
Definition

gram + cocci (including MRSA)

gram - bacilli

actinomycetes

chlamydiae

some protozoa

Term
AEs of sulfonamides?
Definition

crystalluria

hypersensitivity (Steven's Johnson rash)

hemolytic anemia

kernicterus

hypoglycemia

Term
what is trimethoprim?
Definition

a synthetic drug that interferes with the bacteria's ability to replicated DNA

 

makes it so dihydrofolic acid can't be turned into tetrahydrofolic acid

Term
what can trimethoprim be combined with to make it even more effective?
Definition

a sulfonamide

 

bc they inhibit different steps in the production of tetrahydrofolic acid which is needed for bacteria DNA replication

Term
trimethoprim AEs
Definition

GI primarily if used short term

 

anemia if used long term

 

neither is really that bad

Term
why would use prescribe TMP SMZ?
Definition

for the treatment and prevention of

pneumocystis pneumonia

and ampicillin-resistant salmonella

 

common uses: UTI, otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, travelers diarrhea

Term
TMP SMZ AEs
Definition

Dermatologic

GI

Hematologic

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