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Pharmacology Final Part 4
Beta-Lactams
37
Health Care
Graduate
12/18/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the 4 types of beta-lactams?
Definition

penicillins

cephalosporins

carbapenems

monobactams

Term
what are the SEs of beta-lactams?
Definition

diarrhea

fever

neutropenia

rash

seizures

thrombocytopenia

Term
Beta-lactam MOA
Definition

weaken the bacterial cell wall by

 

1. inhibiting cell wall synthesis

2. binding to PBP

3. Time dependent killers

4. affect gram neg and pos bacteria

5. bacteriocidal

Term
which is the least toxic of all antibiotics?
Definition
penicillin G
Term
which of the penicillins come in a repository preparation?
Definition

procaine penicillin G

benzathine penicillin G

Term
what are the 4 types of penicillins?
Definition

natural penicillins

aminopenicillins

penicillinase resistant penicillins

antipseudomonal penicillins

Term
which groups of penicillins are considered narrow spectrum?
Definition
natural and penicillinase resistant
Term
which form of penicillin can cause thrombocytopenia?
Definition

antipseudomonal penicillins

piperacillin

ticarcillin

Term
what are the different kinds of aminopenicillins?
Definition

ampicillin

amoxicillin

Term
which antibiotic is the DOC for listeria?
Definition
ampicillin
Term
which antibiotic is the DOC for enterococcus, listeria, most URTIs, otits, and dental prophylaxis?
Definition

amoxicillin

 

 

Term
what is the difference btwn ampicillin and amoxicillin?
Definition

ampicillin is harsher on the stomach but better for listeria

 

amoxicillin penetrates lung tissue better

Term
which antibiotic group is the DOC for MSSA?
Definition

penicillinase resistant penicillins

 

nafcillin

oxacillin

dicloxacillin

Term
which infections do natural penicillins cover?
Definition
gram +, gram - cocci, most anaerobes and spirochetes
Term
what spectrum is each of the penicillin groups?
Definition

natural - narrow spectrum

aminopenicillin - broad spectrum

penicillinase resistant - narrow

antipseudomonal - extended spectrum

Term
what will aminopenicillins cover?
Definition

gram +

gram - bacilli

Term
what will penicillinase resistant penicillins cover?
Definition

primarily gram +

no anaerobes

Term
what are antipseudomonal penicillins good for?
Definition

IV for pseudomonal infections

 polymicrobial infections

nosocomial infections

Term
which penicillins always are in a combination form?
Definition

piperacillin

ticarcillin

Term
what is the MOA of cephalosporins?
Definition
binds to PBPs and inhibit formation of the cell wall
Term
what allergy could also cause you to be allergic to cephalosporins?
Definition

penicillin allergies - 10% cross reactivity

 

also resistance to some and can resistance to others

resistant to cephs can confer resistance to other beta-lactams

Term
what happens to cephalosporins as you move from the first generation to the 4th?
Definition

you get better gram - coverage and lesser gram +

 

you get more CNS penetration

Term
how are cephalosporins dosed and what is the exception?
Definition

they are renally dosed

 

ceftriaxone is not

Term

what is the 1st generation cephalosporin?

what is it used to treat?

Definition

cephalexin

 

cellulitis, strept, MSSA, klebsiella, proteus, E. coli

Term

what are the 2nd generation cephalosporins?

what do they treat?

Definition

cefuroxime

cefprozil

 

same as gen 1, plus H. flu, neisseria, sinusitis, otitis and CAP

Term

what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

what do they treat?

Definition

ceftriaxone

cefdinir

 

gram neg., meningitis (bc it penetrates the CNS well) and osteomyelitis (bc it penetrates bone well)

Term
which antibiotic is the DOC for N. gonorrhea?
Definition
ceftriaxone
Term

what is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

what is it used to treat?

Definition

cefepime

 

same gram negs as 3rd gen, plus pseudomonas

 

Term
cefepime is the DOC for what?
Definition
febrile neutropenia and pseudomonas
Term
what are carbapenems used for?
Definition

they are broad spectrum but they don't cover MRSA, VRE or E. facieum

 

used for sepsis

Term
which drugs are carbapenems?
Definition

imipenem

doripenem

meropenem

ertapenem

Term
which carbapenem does not cover pseudomonas?
Definition
ertapenem
Term
which drug is a monobactam?
Definition
aztreonam
Term
what does aztreonam cover?
Definition

IV gram neg only, but not pseudomonas

 

DOC for penicillin allergy gram neg infs

Term
which drug is a glycopeptide?
Definition
vancomycin
Term
what SE do you have to watch out for with vancomycin?
Definition
Red Man Syndrome
Term
what does vancomycin cover?
Definition

all gram +

 

not VRE, but does cover MRSA, and C. difficile 

 

(MRSA is becoming vancomycin resistant)

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