Term
| Why is there a greater need for thyroid hormone during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| because estrogen can induce a rise in thyroxine-binding globulin |
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Term
| Why must corticosteroid replacement (if needed) be initiated prior to thyroid hormone replacement therapy |
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Definition
•Prevents the development of acute adrenocortical insufficiency induced by a thyroid hormone-induced increase in metabolic clearance of adrenocortical hormones. |
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Term
| Why can an iodine-deficiency goiter be euthyroid? |
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Definition
| thyroid autoregulatory system compensates by increasing thyroid gland blood flow and hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones can increase the catabolism of what 3 main substances? |
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Definition
| cardiac glycosides/ insulin agents/ Vitamin K dependent clotting factors |
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Term
| What are thionamides unable to do? |
|
Definition
| inhibit secretion of pre-existing thyroidal stores of thyroid hormones |
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Term
| What advantages does methimazole have over propyl thiouracil? |
|
Definition
| it has a longer duration of action/ less side effects |
|
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Term
| What is one action PTU has and not methimazole? |
|
Definition
| It can inhibit deiodinase enzyme |
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|
Term
| How do thionamides get inactivated? |
|
Definition
| undergo hepatic conjugation to glucuronide and are excreted into bile |
|
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Term
| Why are PTU and methimazole not the primary therapy for toxic multinodular goiter and solitary autonomous nodules? |
|
Definition
| spontaneous remissions rarely occur |
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|
Term
| What are the most serious effects of thinoamides? |
|
Definition
| granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis (rash is more common, less serious) |
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|
Term
| How do iodides get used to treat hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
| inhibition of Na-I symporter, inhibition of TPO activity, and inhibition of T4 and T3 activity |
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Term
| How does an autoimmune disease affect the iodide-induced blockade of hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
| it persists for a longer period (10 days) |
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|
Term
| Why is iodine contraindicated in patients with a hyperfunctioning adenoma or multinodular goiter? |
|
Definition
| the iodine provides more substrate for new hormone synthesis |
|
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Term
| How do we temporarily inhibit the uptake and incorporation of radioiodine into the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
| We give potassium iodide (thyro-block) |
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Term
| When patients are allergic to both thionamides and iodides, what is an alternative? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| attenuated androgen used to decrease endometrial growth/ may cause hirsutism |
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|
Term
| How does gonadorelin hydrochloride work? |
|
Definition
| It's a short-acting GnRH agonist |
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|
Term
| What's the biggest risk for retinoids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is 12% Ammonium Lactate indicated for icthyosis vulgaris, xerosis? |
|
Definition
| it helps cause detachment of keratinocytes/ exfoliates and moisturizes dry skin |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| TNF alpha and IL-2 are inhibiter by what drug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a potential adverse effect of topical calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus? |
|
Definition
| In high doses, will cause B cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed individuals |
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|
Term
| How does imiquimod treat skin conditions like warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial BCC? |
|
Definition
| induces the proliferation of TNFalpha and interferons--> anti viral and tumor activity |
|
|
Term
| How does calcipotriene inhibit psoriasis? |
|
Definition
| It binds Vitamin D receptors in keratinocytes and inhibits their proliferation |
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|
Term
| What happens when acitretin is used in the presence of alcohol? |
|
Definition
| It becomes re-esterified to etretinate, which has a half life of 100 days |
|
|
Term
| Doxycycline dosed 20 mg will help do what? |
|
Definition
| inhibit inflammatory cytokines, collagenases, and gelatinases (at 50 mg--> it's bacteriostatic) |
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|
Term
| For what diseases is dapsone indicated? |
|
Definition
| dermatitis herpetiformis and leprosy |
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