| Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | longer and more specific effect |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 1:1 correspondence bt pre and post ganglionic neurons |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | one preganglionic neuron can synapse on 30-40 post gangloionic neurons |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | short pre-gang fiber and long post-ganglionic fiber |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | generalized and widespread response |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NT at ganglia ofParasympathetic NS |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NT at effector of parasympathetic NS |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NT at ganglia of sympathetic NS |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NT at effector of sympathetic NS |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | rate limiting step of synthesis of NE |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | U1 affinity and capacity? |  | Definition 
 
        | high affinity, low capacity |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | low affinity, high capacity |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | concentrates NE into vesicles in the axon terminal |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | general action of alpha-2 |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contraction of vascular smooth muscle>receptor |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contraction of pupilary dilator muscle > receptor |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contracts pilomotor smooth muscle > receptor |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contracts prostate > receptor |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | increases force of contraction of heart > receptor |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | aggregation of platelets > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | inhibits NT release > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | inhibits lipolysis in fat cells |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | bronchodilation > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | relaxes uterine muscles > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | vascular smooth muscle relaxation (blood vessels)> receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | potassium uptake in skeletal muscle > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | glycogenolysis in liver > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | activates lipolysis in fat cells |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | dilates renal blood vessels > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | modulates NT release> receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | decreases intraocular pressure > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | increases intraocular pressure > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | inhibits bronchial glands > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | decreases GI motility > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | indirectly decreases muscle activity > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contract GI tract sphincters > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contraction of genitourinary tract > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | relax genitourinary tract > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | increased pancreatic insulin release> receptor? |  | Definition 
 
        | beta-2 glucose more important
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | decrease pancreatic insulin release > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | increases renin release > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | decreases renin release > receptor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | cardiac stimulant and vasoconstrictor |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | therapeutic uses of epinephrine: |  | Definition 
 
        | treats allergic reactions, prolongs anesthetics, cardiac arrest, and controls bleeding (vasoconstriction) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | epinephrine acts on which receptors |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | can epinephrine cross BBB |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | affinity of norepinephrine |  | Definition 
 
        | does not act on B2 receptors |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | vasoconstriction (peripheral resistance) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what does dopamine cause? |  | Definition 
 
        | renal vasodilation (lowered peripheral resistance) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta agonist increases heart rate, but dilates skeletal muscle vasculature (systolic inc, diastolic dec)
 bronchodilation
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-1 selective doesn't cross BBB-no CNS effects
 constricts vascular muscle (smooth)
 nasal decongestant and dilates pupil by constricting radial muscle
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta -2 agonist bronchodilator
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta-2 agonist uterine relaxation (stops premature labor)
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | activates a-1 and b-2 constricts vessels and increases heart rate: good for cardiac crisis
 short-acting
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive
 can be peripheral vasoconstrictor
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive
 can be peripheral vasoconstrictor
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive
 can be peripheral vasoconstrictor
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive
 can be peripheral vasoconstrictor
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed agonist (sympathomimetic) powerful stimulant |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed adrenergic powerful stimulant |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which amphetamines have CNS side effects? |  | Definition 
 
        | methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed agonist treatment for ADHD
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | treatment for narcolepsy mixed adrenergic
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed agonist (sympathomimetic) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed agonist vasoconstriction-nasal decongestant
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what do you give to treat superficial bleeding? |  | Definition 
 
        | alpha-agonists (direct acting) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | side effect of nasal decongestants |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which drug is used for allergic rxns and anaphlactic shock? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what type of drugs are used for appetite suppression? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what type of drugs are used for narcolepsy? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | agonist at which receptor causes pupilary dilation |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | agonist at which receptor causes a decrease in production of aqueous humor? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | alpha-1 agonist for glaucoma: |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 4 alpha-2 agonists for hypertension |  | Definition 
 
        | methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | irreversible, long acting alpha-antagonist (lowers blood pressure) used for pheochromocytoma
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | competitive alpha-antagonist (shorter acting) prevents tissue necrosis by vasodilation
 treats pheochromocytoma
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive
 BPH
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive
 BPH
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive
 BPH
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | alpha-1A antagonist used for BPH (relaxes prostate muscle)
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | therapeutic uses for alpha-antagonists |  | Definition 
 
        | pheochromacytoma hypertension
 BPH
 erectile dysfunction
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | do beta antagonists cross BBB |  | Definition 
 
        | yes-lipophilic >> CNS side effects |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | beta antagonist effect on renin |  | Definition 
 
        | decrease release of renin |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | beta antagonists effect on lipoproteins |  | Definition 
 
        | increase VLDL and decrease HDL |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | treatment for stage fright |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta blocker decreases cardiac output
 CNS depressant
 bronchoconstriction in asthmatic pts
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | decreases cardiac output (beta blocker) treatment for glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor production)
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | beta blocker that decreases aqueous humor production and treats glaucoma |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta-1antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | beta-1 antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed (beta block and alpha-1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mixed (beta block and a1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low
 antioxidant
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | neuron blocker antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic by inhibiting release of NE at postgang neuron
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | neuron blocker inhibits uptake pump: destroys vesicle and depletes NT
 CNS effects: used in psychiatry
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | prevents destruction of catecholamines use in psychiatry tranylcypromine |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | side effect of MAO inhibitor |  | Definition 
 
        | tyramine problem: builds up, causes massive stimulation of sympathetic NS |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | inhibits NET side effects: convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmias, MI
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | powerful CNS stimulant more CNS effects
 tolerance
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | MAO inhibitor treats depression
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | choline acetyltransferase >>> catalyzes synthesis of Ach |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | describe a nicotinic receptor |  | Definition 
 
        | ion channel gated by binding of Ach. Lets N+ go through when 2 Ach bound >>> depolarization |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | blocks nicotinic receptors on muscle (skeletal) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | blocks nicotinic receptor on neurons |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | activation of M1, M3, and M5 causes what? |  | Definition 
 
        | release of Ca++ >>> smooth muscle contraction and secretions |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | activation of M2 and M4 causes what? |  | Definition 
 
        | activates K+ channels in heart |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what kind of receptors are on skeletal muscle? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what kind of receptors are on the adrenal medulla? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what kind of receptors are on sweat glands? |  | Definition 
 
        | muscarinic (M3) but sympathetic NS |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | contraction of the pupilary sphincter muscle causes: |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | parasympathetic innervation of ciliary sphincter muscle results in: |  | Definition 
 
        | contraction >>> accomodation to see close up |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what kind of muscarinic receptors are on the heart? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | stimulation of M2 receptors on heart results in: |  | Definition 
 
        | slowed depolarization, decreased force of contraction |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | innervation of M3 receptors on smooth muscle: |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | result of innervation of M3 receptors on endothelium |  | Definition 
 
        | NO release and vasodilation |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of Muscarinic agonist on CV system |  | Definition 
 
        | vasodilation (NO), decreased heart rate (reflex increased heart rate), |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of muscarinic agonist on GI |  | Definition 
 
        | increased activity, secretion, may cause diarrhea and vomiting |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of muscarinic agonist on respiratory system |  | Definition 
 
        | bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of muscarinic agonist on skin |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of muscarinic agonist on urinary system |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of nicotinic agonist on skeletal muscle |  | Definition 
 
        | contraction >>> overstimulation can cause relaxation |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | does Ach and synthetic choline esters cross BBB? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | diagnosis (not treatment) of asthma |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | glaucoma (drains fluid, releases pressure) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | M1/M3 agonist for xerostomia (improve oral health) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | partial nicotinic agonist for smoking cessation reduces withdrawl (bc it competes with nicotine)
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | muscarinic agonist for glaucoma, xerostomia, 
 apply locally to prevent sweating
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | competitive AchE inhibitor diagnostic test of myasthenia gravis
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | competitive AchE inhibitor treats myasthenia gravis
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | compare onset and DOA for edrophonium and ambenonium |  | Definition 
 
        | edrophonium is rapid onset and short ambenonium has a longer duration of action
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis, alzheimers, and glaucoma
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myastenia gravis
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | carbamate inhibitor of AchE insecticide
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | CNS differences between carbamyl AchE inhibitors |  | Definition 
 
        | physostigmine is a tert amine and crosses BBB neostigmine and pyridostigmine don't cross BBB
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which receptors does cevimeline act on? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | irreversible AchE inhibitor insecticide
 can treat glaucoma
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | does echothiophate enter BBB? |  | Definition 
 
        | yes-easily absorbed thru skin and BBB |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | physostigmine donepazil
 galantamine
 rivastigmine
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | AchE inhibitor effects on eye |  | Definition 
 
        | miosis (constriction of pupil) and forced accomodation to near vision |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | AchE inhibitor effect on GI |  | Definition 
 
        | increased motility, tone, and secretions |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of AchE inhibitor on skeletal muscle |  | Definition 
 
        | loss of contractions/paralysis due to desensitization of nicotinic receptors |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | AchE inhibitor effects on CV system |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of AchE inhibitor on respiratory system |  | Definition 
 
        | bronchoconstriction, increased secretions, paralysis of diaphgram due to overstimulation of nicotinic receptors |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | AchE inhibitor effect on CNS |  | Definition 
 
        | tremor, anxiety, confusion, convulsions, coma |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | how to combat effects of NM blockers? |  | Definition 
 
        | give AchE inhibitor>>>Ach will compete and overcome |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | how do u treat atropine poisoning? |  | Definition 
 
        | give AchE inhibitor > Ach will compete with atropine |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | competitive muscarinic antagonist -has long DOA
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | out of atropine and scopalomine, which crosses BBB? |  | Definition 
 
        | scopalomine>more CNS effects |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect on CNS of low dose scopalomine |  | Definition 
 
        | CNS depression (amnesia, drowsiness) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of atropine on eye |  | Definition 
 
        | pupilary dilation, pressure buildup |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of atropine (antimuscarinic) on respiratory system: |  | Definition 
 
        | bronchodilation, inhibits secretions |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effect of antimuscarinic on skin |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what are the bella donna alkaloids? |  | Definition 
 
        | atropine and scopalomine >>> antimuscarinics |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 2 antimuscarinics for asthma |  | Definition 
 
        | ipratropium and tiotropium |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | antimuscarinic > decreases GI and pulmonary secretions |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 3 antimuscarinics used to dilate pupils |  | Definition 
 
        | homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | solifenacin and darifenacin |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | antimuscarinic CNS effects > helps prevent motion sickness
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what do you use to treat AchE inhibitor poisoning? |  | Definition 
 
        | atropine (antimuscarinic) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 3 drugs to treat incontinence |  | Definition 
 
        | solifenacin, darifenacin, tolterodine |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | predominant tone in arterioles and veins? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | predominant tone in sweat glands? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | do NM blockers cross BBB? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 5 non-depolarizing antagonists > NM blockers |  | Definition 
 
        | a-tubocurare, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 2 neuromuscular blockers that trigger release of histamine |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | non-depolarizing NM blocker with fastest rate of onset |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | depolarizing NM blocker mechanism is desensitizaion of nicotinic receptors
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is used- intubation? |  | Definition 
 
        | succinylcholine-fast, short doa |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is used for sustained muscular relaxation |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | adverse effect of succinylcholine |  | Definition 
 
        | electrolyte imbalance in traumatized tissue due to excessive release of K |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | structure of Ca++ channel blocker |  | Definition 
 
        | integral membrane glycoprotein; has pore and gate |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | state of calcium channel at resting potential |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | state of calcium channel at depolarization |  | Definition 
 
        | flickers between resting and open (prolonged depolarization causes inactivated closed) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 3 classes of calcium channel blockers |  | Definition 
 
        | dihydropyridines, phenylalklamines, benzothiazepines |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which calcium channel blockers bind to the open conformation of the calcium channel |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which calcium channel blockers treat arrhythmia's and prevent heart rate from increasing from exercise (use-dependent) |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which CCB binds to and stabilizes the inactivated closed state? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | 2 major effects of slow CCBs |  | Definition 
 
        | vasodilation negative chronotropy and inotropy
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is unique to dihydropyridines compared to other CCBs? |  | Definition 
 
        | they are strong vasodilators, but increase heart contractility (indirectly by reflex sympathetic stimulation) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | where are the calcium channels that verapmail and diltiazem block? |  | Definition 
 
        | smooth muscle in arterioles (vasodilation) and S-A and A-V nodes (negative chronotropy and inotropy) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | is postural hypotension a problem in CCBs? |  | Definition 
 
        | no-only block channels in arteriole smooth muscle to vasodilate |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | if nifedipine is used for angina, what else is needed? |  | Definition 
 
        | beta blocker to calm heart |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | treatment for exertional angina |  | Definition 
 
        | verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine+BB |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | treatment for variant/Prinzmetal's angina |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | last resort to use a calcium channel blocker |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | most useful CCB for treating hypertension alone: |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which CCB has selectivity for cerebral vasculature? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which CCB is good for diabetic pts? |  | Definition 
 
        | lercanidipine (dilates renal arterioles, prevents nephropathy) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which drugs are used for treating SVT? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is raynaud's phenomenon and how is it treated? |  | Definition 
 
        | vasospasms in fingers when cold treated with dihydropyridines (nifedipine)
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | which CCB produces constipation |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | transcription factor that induces synthesis of inflammation proteins |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what do steroids inhibit? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | when there is low ca++ present during inflammation, what is produced? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | where there is lots of Ca++ present, what is produced? |  | Definition 
 
        | leukotrienes by lipoxygenase |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what does prostacyclin do? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what does thromboxane do? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | how is prostaglandin produced? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | defense mechanism during inflammation causes oxidative stress
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what produces hypochlorous acid? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what produces peroxynitrite? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | inhibits further production of inflammatory proteins |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | intermediate acting steroids: |  | Definition 
 
        | triamcinolone, prednisone |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | dexamethasone, betamethasone |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | adrenal insufficiency replacement anaphylactic rxns
 allergies/skin irritations
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | adverse effects of chronic hydrocortisone |  | Definition 
 
        | diabetes, more susceptible to infection, |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | long acting potent
 inflammatory and allergies
 shock, cerebral edema
 n/v with chemotherapy
 RA
 asthma
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | inflammatory and allergic disorders immunosuppressant
 can cause severe infections
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders can cause severe infections and diabetes
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | can be used with methotrexate TNF-alpha blocker
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | methotrexate as treatment for inflammatory disease: |  | Definition 
 
        | inhibits folic acid reductase, blocks DNA precursors of TNF-alpha |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | chronis use of TNF-alpha blockers can cause: |  | Definition 
 
        | lymphoma, infection, heart failure |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | how is phospholipase 2 activated |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what do prostaglandins cause |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what does leukotrienes cause: |  | Definition 
 
        | chemotaxis, lysosomal damage |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | side effect of NSAIDS (related to prostaglandins) |  | Definition 
 
        | vasoconstriction> papillary necrosis (renal) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | how do NSAIDS treat mild to moderate pain |  | Definition 
 
        | block formation of prostaglandin, reset nociceptive threshold |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NSAID's effect on the GI tract |  | Definition 
 
        | inhibits mucous > gastric irritation and ulceration |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NSAIDS effect on body temperature |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | lowers acid secretion and increases mucus secretion |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | inc renal flow, inc excretion of salt and water |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | PG effect on ductus arteriosis |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | allergic constriction of airways |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | decreases water and salt loss, vasoconstriction>renal failure |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NSAID effect on ductus arterioris |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | further bronchoconstriction |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | depression>dizziness, drowsiness, confusion |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | PG effect on colon cancer |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | NSAID effect on colon cancer |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is TXA2 activated by? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what is PGI2 activated by? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | influence of aspirin on clotting: |  | Definition 
 
        | irreversibly inhibits COX1 > COXI can't convert Arachidonic acid into TXA2w > and prevents clotting |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | what kind of COX inhibitor is ibuprofen? |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | therapetuic advanatge to using COX2 inhibitors |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | reversible COX inhibitor NSAID |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | NSAID for ulcerative colitis and RA (produrg) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | salicylate-induced respiratory toxicity |  | Definition 
 
        | respiratory stimulation (from NSAIDS) followed by depression hyperventilation > respiratory alkalosis
 CNS depression>respiratory acidosis
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | non-selective COX inhibitor NSAID |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID big risk of GI disturbances
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID serious toxicities
 can be used for pericarditis, closure of patent ductus, gout
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID prodrug >>> less side effects
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID systemic use post surgery
 don't take longer than 5 days (toxicity)
 renal deficient pts can't take this
 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | antidoite to tylenol toxicity |  | Definition 
 
        | acetylcysteine: scavenges reactive intermediate |  | 
        |  |