Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high-imipramine, olanzapine
low-heparin, warfarine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"rinone" amrinone, milrinone, enoximone, vesnarinone
stop the breaking down of cAMP and gAMP |
|
|
Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks muscarinic receptors-blocks parasympathetic-dry mouth-can't talk, mydiatris, no tears, constipation, bladder retention, increase heart rate, dilate lungs. blocks sweat glands-hyperthermia
small amount cause bradycardia by selectively blocking presynaptic receptors, taking away negative feedback and increasing para response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
digoxin, theophyline, lithium, dimercaprol
antibiotics:gentamicin, amphotericin b, vancomycin, polymixin B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "afil" used for ED, sildenifil citrate, vardenifil, tadalifil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local anesthetics, anti-arrythmic, anti-epileptic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "-caine"- blocks Na channels, 1 I=ester, 2 I's= Amide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only local anesthetic that vasoconstricts- releasing and blocking the reuptake of NTs (dopamine, norepi, epi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ester- short t 1/2,rapid plasma metabolism, possible allergic rxn, with low toxicity
Amide- long t 1/2, complex/hepatic metabolism, no allergic rxns, high dose can be toxic |
|
|
Term
| Vaughan-williams-singh classification |
|
Definition
I. Na Channel blockers
A. slows phase 0 and 3
B. slows 0, speeds 3
c. slows 0
II. Beta Blockers
III. K blockers
IV. Ca blockers
V. Vagus boosters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be caused by any porlongation of the K channels- class IA and III
Fix with IV Mg2+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broad range-supra and ventricular |
|
Definition
| Class IA- Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class IB- lidocaine, mexilitine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-arythmic- class IA- blocks muscarinic-decrease para, cinconism-blurred vision, tinnitus, headache. increase digitoxin toxicity. N and V, arrythmia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-arythmic class IA-turns to class NAPA-N-acetyl procaineamide (class III) after phase II metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can cause:
H1-receptor blocker:sedation
M receptor blocker: dry mouth
Na ch. blocker- arrythmia
K ch. blocker- arrythmia
alpha receptor blocker- hypotension
5HT blocker-weight gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Na and Ca channel block- anti-epilectic. gum hyperplasia, megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, skin rash, hirsuitism, CNS symptoms, coursening of facial features
zero order kinetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous GABA agonist-opens cl- channel--> hyperpolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous GABA antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benzodiazopine, barbiturate, propofol, alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"zepam, zolam" hypnotic, amnestic, muscle tone decrease, anti-epileptic (no analgesia)
GABA agonist- opens Cl channels-hyperpolarize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TOMB
triazolom
oxazepam
midazolam
brotizolam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LETAL
lorazepam
estazolam
temazepam
alprozolam
loprazolam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DCNFF
Diazepam
Clotiazepam
Nitrazepam
Flurazepam
flunitrazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
don't need liver TOL
Tomazepam
Oxyzepam
Lorazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all begin with Z, extremely short lives, put you to sleep
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Zopiclone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BDZ antagonist- replaces BDZ when overdosed with alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| barbiturate-hypnotic/sedative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| barbiturate- anti-epileptic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GABA agonist, stardard used for anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vigorous gaba transminase inhibitor
anti-epileptic-> slows GABA metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaba reuptake inhibitor- anti-epileptic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not a gaba agonist, trick,but antiepileptic
alpha-2-delta ligand- controls Ca+ channel permeability
(along with pregabalin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presynaptic GABAb agonist- release NT, reduce muscle tone (treat spacicity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slow voltage gates-Anti-arythmic
Myocardial vs. vasuclar
verapamil,diltiazem, nifedipine, felodipine, nimodipine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transient (fast)- anti-epileptic/CNS
mibefradil, Succinimide, sulfanamide, valproylamide,
Hydantoins-both anti-epileptic and anti-artihmic-Na and K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phenyl-alkyl-amine- L calcium ch.
decreases HR and O2 demand, constipation, edema, increase digitoxin levels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dihydro-pyridine- L calcium ch.
Smooth muscle relaxation->vasodilation in arteries > veins, decrease afterload, decrease BP, increase HR,
t1/2= 3-4 hours
filo-dipine and nemo-dipine-longer half life (10 hours) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benzo-thia-zepine- L calcium ch.
decrease HR and O2 demand, CA vasospasm releif |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t-calcium channel blocker-blocks 3a4 metabolism-toxic effects, taken off market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
t calcium ch, succinimide, anti-epileptic,
1st line against absence seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t calcium channel, succinimide anti-epileptic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t ca channel, sulfonimide, mixed moa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
t ca channel, valproylamide,
depakote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triamterene, dapsone, phenytoin, trimethoprim, methotrexate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd group of Ca channel blockers- gabapentin and pregabalin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ryanodine receptor blocker, hydantoin derivitive, stops intracellular release of Ca+ in skeletal muscle
Use for hyperthermia relief-decrease mechanical work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
K+ channel blocker and non specific beta blocker.
Blocks:
Beta 1-heart
Beta-2-lung->blocks sympathetic (bronchiodilation)->bronchioconstriction->bad for people with asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class X, does everything, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
also has every side effect
mostly K channel blocker
-not dialyzable
-half life of 58 days, 38 for active ingredient DEA
-can cause hypo/hyper thyroidism (similar structure to thyroxine)
pulmonary itis and fibrosis, hepatic LFT, metalic taste, photosenstitivity, grey color of face, peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypoglycemic drug- increase weight
Block K+ channels, depolarize Beta cells of pancrease,calcium released, triggers increase insulin, decrease blood glucose
"Gl-"
1st-tolbutamid
2nd- Glibenclamid, glyburide, glipzid, 3rd- glimepirid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used for metabolic syndrome, not K+ channel blocker
-suppresses hepatic glucose production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-sulfonyl-urea insulin release
ROSA-rapid onset, short acting
repaglinid, nateglinid
-no weight gain (like sulfonyl-ureas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
K+ channel opener, aterial relaxation, treatment for angina, HT, congestive heart failure
-decrease O2 demand for heart-relief against angina
-can cause oral ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class X, a less toxic amiodrarone. no thyroid function, less lipophilic, lower Vd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous NMDA agonist- (w/e aspartate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous NMDA agonist(w/ glutamate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous NMDA antagonist (w/ Mg)- makes you sleepy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endogenous NMDA antagonist (w/ zinc-makes you sleepy)-lowers blood pressure, also side effects:lowers HR, RR, CNS, muscle force/reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PCP- non-competitive NMDA antagonist (also blocks everything else)
-analgesic and not a respiratory depresent
S (+) form-eutomer-good form |
|
|
Term
| sympathomimetic anaesthesia |
|
Definition
| increase RR, HR, BP, O2 consumption, bronchodialation |
|
|
Term
| parasympathomimetic anaesthesic |
|
Definition
bronchorhea-increase gland secretion and
sialorhea-increase saliva-->give atropine |
|
|
Term
| psychomimetic anaesthesia |
|
Definition
| vivid dreams- give GABA agonist-BDZ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-competitive NMDA antagonist, a better Mg
-does not affect reversible effect of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, revastigamine, galantamine, tacrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| donepezil, revastigamine, galantamine, tacrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mew opiate receptor agonist and NMDA antagonist
-long onset with long half life-helps cure chronic pain
-mostly used for heroin addiction
-10 times morphine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mew- open K channel-hyperpolarize-supra-spinal-endorphine
-kappa- inhibit Ca channel and NT release-spinal-dynorphine
-Delta- modulate mew-supra-spinal-enkepharine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-epileptic-glutamate release inhibitor. Na channel blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-epileptic-glycine (co-activator for NMDA) antagonist, GABA agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-epileptic- AMPA antagonist and GABA agonist
-induces weight loss (thin and stupid)
-blocks carbonic anhydrase- can't taste soda-can't turn CO2 to carbonic acid, also may cause parethesia (tingling), nephrolithiasis
-Ca and Na channel blocker
-causes myopia and glaucoma,
-dopamine release inhibitor-oligohidrosis (can't sweat)-->hyperthermia
-mentally slow (stupimax) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1A-agonist-pirones-anxiety, piril-HT
1D/F-agonist-triptans-migraines
2-antagonist-psychosis
3-antagonist-setrons-emesis
4-agonist-prides-gastroperisis
RI-depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypertension medication
works with 5-HT-1A receptor agonist
and alpha-1 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| g-protien-metabolotropic-inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase (which makes cAMP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-anxiety- mostly 5-HT-1A agonist, dopamine, and 5-HT-2
-slow onset (4-6 weeks), give BDZ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5HT-1 D (reduce nociceptor transmission)/B (aterial-cerebral vasocontstriction)receptor agonist
-more triptan given,less affinity to brain, vasoconstriction, increase BP
-Don't give to someone with cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5HT-1 D (reduce nociceptor transmission)/B (aterial-cerebral vasocontstriction)receptor agonist
-use cytochrome for metabolism (not MAO A)
-more triptan given,less affinity to brain, vasoconstriction, increase BP
-Don't give to someone with cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stop degradation of NE and 5-HT, used for depression
-st. john's wart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stops degradation of dopamine
-anti-parkinson-->increase dopamine, decrease GABA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stops degradation of dopamine
MAO B inhibitor-anti-parkinson-->increase dopamine, decrease GABA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-MAO-A inhibitor
-stop degradation of NE and 5-HT, used for depression
-mild, similar to st. john's wart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulate DAG, IP3, PKC and release of calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-HT-2 antagonist (also H1 antagonist)-prevention of migraines (profalaxis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-HT 2 antagonist- depression and anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-HT- 2 antagonist- depression and anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT 2 antagonist- anti-hypertensive (w/ alpha 1 antagonist-postural hypotension)
-reynaud's disease- cold, discolored hands and feet because of lack of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5HT 2 antagnosit and SSRI- removed from market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5HT-2 antagnosist with SSRI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D2=5HT-2 antagonist
-psychosis/schitzophrenia
-also has alpha 1 antagonist-hypotension
-H1 antagonist-sleepy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D2<5HT 2-
phycosis/schizophrenia
-H1, alpha 1, Ach (muscarinic), side effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D2<<5HT 2 antagonist
-H1, alpha 1 antagonist side effect
-psychosis,schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5HT1A agonist and 5HT-2 antagonist -psychosis -no CYP450 metabolism
-no QT elongation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ionotropic, 5 HT 3 antagonist, anti-emetic (reduce vomiting)
-given pre-chemo
-extremely long half life (56 hours-compares to 10 hours with dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT-3 antagonist- used for IBS (diarrhea)
-removed from market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-5HT4 agonist-increases gastic emptying
-5HT3 antagonist-anti-emetic
-cholinesterase inhibitor
-D2 antagonist- anti-nausea, anti-vomiting
-cause tardive dyskinesia and NMS (nueroleptic malignant syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-5HT 4 agonist
-promote gastric emptying with diabetes side effects (autonomic neuropathy)
-removed from market- QT elongation-Torsade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT-4 agonist-
-increase gastric empyting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT-4 agonist-
-increase gastric empyting
-AchE inhibitor
-D2 antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT-4 agonist-
-increase gastric empyting
-5HT 2 antagonist-
used for IBS
-taken off market because of cardiac events and ischemic colitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluoxetine (54), flovoxamine, sertralin, paroxetine, citalopram (3400 times more 5-HT reuptake inhibitor than NE)
-delayed ejaculation and hyperthermia
-more increase in serotonin, more hyperthermia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -SSRI- worst side effects with inhibition of most cytochrome metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most selective SSRI with minimal inhibition of cytochrome metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-NeSRI- new anti-depressent, like old 3-cyclic but with less side effects
-also used for chronic pain therapy
-major metbolite also used as drug-desvenlafaxine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hot pepper-activates pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kappa opioid receptor, inhibit Ca+ channel-->decrease NT release-spinal
-dysphoria, psychoto-mimetic effects, low addiction potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mew opioid receptor, open K+ channel-->hyperpolarization
-supraspinal
-eurphoria-highly addictive
-respiratory depression-forget to breathe-stop hypercapnia relfex
-bradykardia,obstipation (give laxitive), urinary retention, miosis, highly addictive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delta opioid receptor, modulates mew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mew agonist
-itching=histamine release-->also, increases HR, bad for CAD
-emesis-D receptors
-t1/2= 3 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mew agonist
-.8 morphine, no itching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
methyl-morphine-must be metabolized to take effect (3A4 and 2D6)
-1/10 morphine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mew agonist (weak)
*NeSRI-anti-depresent-->mostly used for chronic pain
-central alpha 2 agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kappa-agonist, weak mew agonist
-dysphoria
-can have withdrawal syndromes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mew agonist, 100 times morphine, ultrashort half life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mew agonist, most potent at 1000 times morphine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mew agonist, 1/10 morphine
-anticholingergic, SSRI-->hyperthermia- major cause of hyperthermic conditions when coupled with other anti-depressants or ecstasy.
-alpha blocker-postural hypotension
-muscarinic blocker-only opiate that gives mydriasis (usually myosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mew agonist, 1/10 morphine
-anticholingergic, SSRI-->hyperthermia- major cause of hyperthermic conditions when coupled with other anti-depressants or ecstasy.
-alpha blocker-postural hypotension
-muscarinic blocker-only opiate that gives mydriasis (usually myosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mew receptor antagonist-antidote for overdose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dopamine 2 blocker
-5-HT 3 blocker
-anti-muscarinic-blocks vestibular nucleus emesis (motion sickness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-D2 blocker with 5HT-3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist
-anti-emesis
-reglan-off market
-NMS and tardive dyskinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-muscarinic antagonist
-motion sickness
-close relative of atropine-->touch patch-touch eye-->mydriasis in one eye |
|
|
Term
| nueroleptic/antipsychotic |
|
Definition
D2 antagonist
-phenothiazine
-butyrophenones
-thioxanthenes
-benzamides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-itch
-sedation/weight gain "fat and tired" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-psychotic
-extra-pyramidil-parkinson-like
-anti-emetic
-prolactin release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hypotension (postrual)
-nasal congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psychotic
-TC-side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psychotic
-artificial hybernation-DPT
-demerol-pethidine/meperidine
-phenergan-promethazine
-Thorazine-chlorpromazine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psychotic
-blocks histamine-anti-itch and sedative
-blocks muscarinic-anti-motionsickness
-part of coast guard cocktail with ephedrine (amphetamine)-activates sympathetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psychotic
-used to treat drug induced nausea (w/ migraines)- cheap form of setrons/triptans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psycotic
-depot-inject for long lasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Phenothiazine-TC
-anti-psychotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-butyrophenone
-highly selective,potent D2 blocker-->parkinson-like side effects
-->leading to irreversible tardive dyskinesia
-decrease Ach to decrease Ach dominance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tricyclic-anti-psychotic
-H1, M, D2, alpha, Na/K side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Acetylcholine blocker (anticholinergic)-used to treat dystonia and parkinson-like symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -anticholinergic-stops parkinson-like symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -benadryl-anti-histamine and anticholinergic-makes you sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-TC anti-depressant-side effects-preferred over clean venlafaxin because it makes you tired
-imipramine-other TC anti-depressant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- anticholinergic-->stops parkinson-like symptoms
-decreased dopamine increases Ach-->parkinson
-w/ rimantadine(influenza antiviral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical anti-psychotic (shift to 5HT2)
-effective against negative (autistic) symptoms
-D2 blocker in limbic only-->no EPS
-causes agranulocytosis(stops WBC production and lowers immune)-->must monitor blood
-H1, alpha (with reflex tachycardia), QT elongation
-HYPERSALVATION
-hyperthermia
-seizures
-weight gain (10 in 10)
-increase TGs and GLU (diabetogenic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical anti-psychotic
-clozapine without the agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical anti-psychotic
-similar to clozapine (5HT2 > D2-atypical only at low dose)
-half the weight gain
-D2 side effects-EPS and increase prolactin
-QT elongation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical anti-psychotic
-NeSRI
-5-HT2 antagnosit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first atypical group of anti-psychotic
-shift to 5HT2 antagonism and less D2-->less/no EPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pure D2 blocker anti psychotic
-antidepressive
-sulprimide
-amisulprimide-no weight gain
-remoxipride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atypical anti-psychotic
-cataract development
-hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-psychotic
-5HT2-antagonist (synergystic with 5HT1 agonist)
-D2 partial agonist
-parkinson-like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-psychotic
-only one not metabolized by CYP450 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.give levodopa with ddc inhibitor
2.MAO B inhibitor
3.ergontimin
4.non-ergontimin
5.Muscarinic blockers-->decrease Ach action
6. COMT inhibitor |
|
|
Term
Dopamine-
psychosis
parkinson
weight
temperature
emesis
BP |
|
Definition
Dopamine tracts
1. Nigostriatal- movement
-decrease dopamine-increase parkinson
2. Mesolimbic-mesocortical tracts-
-euphoria-addiction-increased dopamine
-positive symptoms of psychosis-increased dopamine
-decrease dopamine-->decrease cognitive function-->anti-psychotic
3. Tuberinfundibular-
-increase dopamine-decrease prolactin and GH
-decrease dopamine-reset thermostat-->hyperthermia
-increase dopamine-lose weight
4. Chemoreceptor trigger zone-
-increase dopamine-increase emsis
5.dopamine is a vasodilator-->hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-always given with carbidopa
(inhibitis conversion in periphery)
-anti-parkinson |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ergotamine dopamine receptor agonist
-anti-parkinson
-increase dopamine in lymbic system->psychosis
-increase dopamine in CRTZ-> N and V
-hypotension
*pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis
*vasospasm
-GI ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-non-ergotamine dopamine receptor agonist
-anti-parkinson
-increase dopamine in lymbic system->psychosis
-increase dopamine in CRTZ-> N and V
-hypotension
*NO pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis
*NO vasospasm
-GI ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-non-ergotamine dopamine receptor agonist
-anti-parkinson
-increase dopamine in lymbic system->psychosis
-increase dopamine in CRTZ-> N and V
-hypotension
*NO pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis
*NO vasospasm
-GI ulceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-COMT inhibitor(stops the breakdown of dopamine)
-anti-parkinson |
|
|
Term
| central antihttp://www.flashcardmachine.com/my-flashcards/quick-editor.cgi-cholinergic syndrome |
|
Definition
-caused by excess atropine
-can't sweat, vasodilation to decrease body temperature (red), hot, blind, hallucinate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DUMBBELLS
-diarrhea
-urination
-miosis
-bronchorhea, bronchospasm
-bradykardia
-emesis
-lacrimation-bloody tears
-laxation
-salivation
-parasympathetic rxns-->opposite of atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -steroids(glucocorticoids) inhibit lipocortin (annexin), which inhibit phospholipase A2, which no longer cuts arachidonic acid which will then no longer bind to COX and LOX to cause inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-selective COX inhibitors (only COX 2)
-stop the production of prostoglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxane (endoperoxides)-->inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-non-selective COX inhibitors
-stop the production of prostoglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-LOX inhibitor
-stop the production of luekotriens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -leukotrien receptor blocker-->stop inflammation |
|
|
Term
| side effects of COX inhibitor |
|
Definition
1.stomach/intestinal-prostoglandins (+) regulate mucosal secretion-->decrease PG, decrease mucosal-->uclers
2.kidney-prostocyclan vasodilates afferent arteries-->decrease PC, vasoconstrict, decrease blood supply
-fix by blocking adenosine (vasoconstrictor) with xanthenes
3.inhibit platelet aggregation-->increase bleeding and blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-asprin, NSAID
-increase LOX-->bronchoconstriction
-don't give to children-->cause reye disease because of virus
-causes hepatitis and cerebral edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -NSAID, specifically for joints and bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -most potent NSAID, used IV for acute pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indomethacin, ketorolac, sulindac, tometin,tiaprofenic acid, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, tenoxicam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-selective COX2IB
-50:1 COX2:COX1, selective
-Most off the market because increase incidence of cardiovascular incidents (also with NSAIDS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-COX3 inhibitor
-antipyretic and analgesic with no anti-inflammatory effect
-usually phase II but with some phase I metabolism-->NAPQI-->liver necrosis and fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-COX3 inhibitor
-antipyretic and analgesic with no anti-inflammatory effect
-usually phase II but with some phase I metabolism-->NAPQI-->liver necrosis and fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-NAC-give IV when potention COX3 overdose (acetaminophin or paracetamol)
-only side effect-->H1 agonist->vasodilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-COX3 inhibitor
-vasodilator,antipyretic, analgesic-->smooth muscle relaxant-->gall bladder and kidney pain (spasmolytic effect increase)
-decrease BP if giving IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-COX3 inhibitor
-vasodilator,antipyretic, analgesic-->smooth muscle relaxant-->gall bladder and kidney pain (spasmolytic effect increase)
-decrease BP if giving IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"tidine"
-H2 blocker-->decrease gastric acid production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-vertigo, potential for alzheimers
-H3 blocker-->presynaptic membrane receptors blocked-->decreease (-) feedback-->increase NT release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stops allergic rhinitis and allergies
-also a sedative when crossing BBB
-1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-2nd generation-selective, limited/no CNS, CYP metabolized (leads to torsade-many removed from market), intermediate 1/2 life
-3rd generation-selective, no CNS, not CYP metabolized, long 1/2 life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people
-part of coast guard cocktail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1st generation-non-selective (M, alpha, etc.), CNS, short 1/2 life
-hypotension-->don't give to old people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -2nd generation-selective, limited/no CNS, CYP metabolized (leads to torsade), intermediate 1/2 life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-name lies, not H2 blocker
-2nd generation-selective, limited/no CNS, CYP metabolized (leads to torsade), intermediate 1/2 life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3rd generation-selective, no CNS, not CYP metabolized, long 1/2 life
-really expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3rd generation-selective, no CNS, not CYP metabolized, long 1/2 life
-really expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3rd generation-selective, no CNS, not CYP metabolized, long 1/2 life
-really expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-alpha
-used for hyperlipidemia
-binds to PPAR-alpha, increases amount of LPL synthesized, lowers TGs, VLDL, LDL
-lowers cholesterol moderately (use statins)
-increases HDL moderately (exercise or use niacin)
-Increases gall bladder stones
-rhobdomyolysis when combined with statins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-alpha
-used for hyperlipidemia
-binds to PPAR-alpha, increases amount of LPL synthesized, lowers TGs, VLDL, LDL
-lowers cholesterol moderately (use statins)
-increases HDL moderately (exercise or use niacin)
-Increases gall bladder stones
-rhobdomyolysis when combined with statins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-gamma
-used for diabetes type II, increase insulin sensitivity
-"-glitazone"
-do not cause hypoglycemia (sufonyl-urea and repaglinide does)
-slow onset: 2-6 weeks
-lowers HbA1c (glycosylated Hb)
-weight gain (H20 volume)-->heart failure
-can't use with hepatic damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-gamma
-first on market-->taken off because hepatotoxicity
-used for diabetes type II, increase insulin sensitivity
-"-glitazone"
-do not cause hypoglycemia (sufonyl-urea and repaglinide does)
-slow onset: 2-6 weeks
-lowers HbA1c (glycosylated Hb)
-weight gain (H20 volume)-->heart failure
-can't use with hepatic damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-gamma
-used for diabetes type II, increase insulin sensitivity
-do not cause hypoglycemia (sufonyl-urea and repaglinide does)
-slow onset: 2-6 weeks
-lowers HbA1c (glycosylated Hb)
-weight gain (H20 volume)-->heart failure
-can't use with hepatic damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PPAR-gamma
-used for diabetes type II, increase insulin sensitivity
-do not cause hypoglycemia (sufonyl-urea and repaglinide does)
-slow onset: 2-6 weeks
-lowers HbA1c (glycosylated Hb)
-weight gain (H20 volume)-->heart failure
-can't use with hepatic damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ROSA insulin
-AA acid switch-->monomeric
-eat 10 minutes after dosing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ROSA insulin
-AA acid switch-->monomeric
-eat 10 minutes after dosing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ROSA insulin
-AA acid switch-->monomeric
-eat 10 minutes after dosing |
|
|
Term
| Regular insulin (soluble) |
|
Definition
-not true ROSA
-non-crystalized with zinc-->most dimeric, some hexameric
-only IV insulin
-can also be used for hypercalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-neutral protamine hagedorn (isophane) insulin
-addition of protamine with zinc-->hexameric
-intermediate action (onset in 1-2 hours) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-SOLA-slow onset/long acting insulin
-precipitation with higher zinc concentration (70/30) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-SOLA-slow onset/long acting insulin
-precipitation with higher zinc concentration (100% crystaline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-SOLA-slow onset/long acting insulin
-add amino acids-->insoluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-SOLA-slow onset/long acting insulin
-add amino acids-->insoluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-licorice can inhibit the enzyme HSD11B2
-This enzyme usually deactivates glucocorticoids which if not deactivated, will activate MC receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AIE/MCE-1/1
-similar to cortison (.8/.8)
-minerocorticoid and glucocorticoid (short acting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AIE/MCE- 4/.3
-intermediate acting GC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AIE/MCE- 5/.8
-intermediate acting GC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AIE/MCE- 4/.3
-intermediate acting GC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AIE/MCE- (10, 30, 36)/0
-long acting GC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhaled steroid
-lowest receptor infinity
-increased FPE makes safe
-also metabolized in lung to slow cleared metabolite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhaled steroid
-highest receptor affinity and increased FPE
-bioavailablilty around 10% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhaled steroid
-high receptor affinity and increased FPE
-bioavailablilty around 10% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhaled steroid
-high receptor affinity and increased FPE
-bioavailablilty around 20-30% (higher than others) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cannabinoide antagonist
-used to lose weight
-bad mood-->taken off market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-local anesthetic (Na channel blocker)
-longest duration of action (420 minutes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class V
-slows conduction velocity of AV node
-controls atrial flibrillation and flutter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-class V
-abolishes acute supraventricular tachychardia
-extremely short duration of actiong (15 seconds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-similar mechanism to nicorandil-->opens K channels-->hyperpol-->vasodilation
-not used for BP, used for hair growth
-rogaine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -short acting SSRI-->used for premature ejactulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-non sulfonamide loop diuretic (high ceiling)
-used when patient w/sulfonamide allergy
-loop diuretic-high ceiling
-"semide" oral and IV
-secreted with PSOASS-->ascending loop of henle
-inhibition of NA/2CL/K cotransport
-increase urine volume,broncho/vaso dilation,smooth muscle relaxation,uric acid,glucose,TG,
-decrease renal 02 consumption,CSF production,CA,K,Mg,Ca,Cl,HDL,acid
-GFR and RPF unchanged-save on renal
-Ototoxicity-cochlear>vestibular
-IV use for glaucoma/IOP, ICP, pulmonary edema, ARF
-Oral use- decrease BP, Cardiac and Renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"the" loop diuretic-high ceiling
-"semide" oral and IV
-secreted with PSOASS-->ascending loop of henle
-inhibition of NA/2CL/K cotransport
-increase urine volume,broncho/vaso dilation,smooth muscle relaxation,uric acid,glucose,TG,
-decrease renal 02 consumption,CSF production,CA,K,Mg,Ca,Cl,HDL,acid
-GFR and RPF unchanged-save on renal
-Ototoxicity-cochlear>vestibular
-IV use for glaucoma/IOP, ICP, pulmonary edema, ARF
-Oral use- decrease BP, Cardiac and Renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Probenecide sensitive organic anion secretory system-PSOASS
-used to block receptor and keep penicillin in system
-transporter also competitive with uric acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-coclhlear>vestibular
-caused by NSAIDS, Loops, Mycin (antibiotics), quinine, cisplatin (chemo)
-CAVE-combo chemo treatment-aminoglycoside (mycin) and cisplatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-loop diuretic-high ceiling
-"semide" oral and IV
-secreted with PSOASS-->ascending loop of henle
-inhibition of NA/2CL/K cotransport
-increase urine volume,broncho/vaso dilation,smooth muscle relaxation,uric acid,glucose,TG,
-decrease renal 02 consumption,CSF production,CA,K,Mg,Ca,Cl,HDL,acid
-GFR and RPF unchanged-save on renal
-Ototoxicity-cochlear>vestibular
-IV use for glaucoma/IOP, ICP, pulmonary edema, ARF
-Oral use- decrease BP, Cardiac and Renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-loop diuretic-high ceiling
-"semide" oral and IV
-secreted with PSOASS-->ascending loop of henle
-inhibition of NA/2CL/K cotransport
-increase urine volume,broncho/vaso dilation,smooth muscle relaxation,uric acid,glucose,TG,
-decrease renal 02 consumption,CSF production,CA,K,Mg,Ca,Cl,HDL,acid
-GFR and RPF unchanged-save on renal
-Ototoxicity-cochlear>vestibular
-IV use for glaucoma/IOP, ICP, pulmonary edema, ARF
-Oral use- decrease BP, Cardiac and Renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -loop, thiazide, potassium sparing, carboanhydrase inhibitors, xanthine derivitives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-thiazide-low ceiling-oral only
-secreted with PSOASS-->Early distal tubule-inhibition of NA/Cl cotransport
-increase urine volume moderately-->less than loops
-decrease urine volume in diabetes insipidus
-decrease CA, GFR and RPF, K,Mg, Cl, HDL, acids
-increase Ca,uric acid, glucose, TGs
-oral use: decrease BP, cardiac insufficiency(relaxes smooth muscle), diabetes insipidus, urinary calculi(keeps Ca+ out of kidney)
-combine with K sparing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -chemically different from thiazides, but with exact same clinical use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -chemically different from thiazides, but with exact same clinical use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-potassium sparing
-aldosterone antagonist-->steroid side effects
-spironolactone-->canrenone (both stop aldosterone binding to cyto receptor
-no aldosterone effects
-decrease Na and increase K
-oral only- 1/2 life 2 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-potassium sparing
-aldosterone antagonist-->steroid side effects
-spironolactone-->canrenone (both stop aldosterone binding to cyto receptor
-no aldosterone effects
-decrease Na and increase K
-IV only- 1/2 life 17 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-potassium sparing-cycloamidine derivitive
-Na channel blocker and Na/H exchange blocker (alkoline urine)
-organic base- organice base cation exchange decretory system
-short half life (4-6 hours) because increased metabolism
-folic acid antagonism
-collecting duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-do no combine any K+ increasing agents
-ACE, Potassium sparing, or K+ supplements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-potassium sparing-cycloamidine derivitive
-Na channel blocker and Na/H exchange blocker (alkoline urine)
-organic base- organice base cation exchange decretory system
-long half life (18-20 hours)
-collecting duct
-increase Ca+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-carbo-anhydrase inhibitor
-sulfonamide group-->CA inhibitor
-PSOASS-->early proximal tubule
-prevention of mountain sickness-->induces acidosis in blood to keep breathing reflux
-secondary increase in urine volume/pH and K
-decrease glaucoma and IOP and nephron blockade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-xanthine derivitive
-Adenosine-1-receptor blocker-->vasodilation
--caffeine derivatives
-adenosine-1 receptor blocker
-high doses lead to unselective PDE inhibition
-decrease PDE, increase cAMP-->smooth muscle relaxtion
-seizure risk with high doses because of release of catacholomines
-1A2 metablism-induced by smoke and protien
-high doses-->switch to zero order-->tachycardia, N&V, tremor, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ace inhibitor
-only active drug (with lisinopril)
-short half life (2 hours)
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash
-only sulfur containing -pril-->rashes and taste disturbance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ace inhibitor
-only active drug (with captopril)
-half life 12 hours
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-only ace inhibitor given IV-->ER
-captopril without sulfur group
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ace inhibitor
-only one to be eliminated through liver (both kidney and liver)-->because of phosphate group
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ARB-block AT1 receptor
-only prodrug (with olmesartan)
-all distributed orally
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash
-only one predominantly eliminated through kidney (rest through liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ARB-block AT1 receptor
-only prodrug (except candesartan)
-all oral
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--Ace inhibitor
-protects heart and against neuropath in diabetes patients and also reduces new cases of diabetes
-persistent dry cough, angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, taste disturbance, fever, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-direct renin inhibitor
-hypertension medication
-high water solubility
-prevents conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-broken down by ACE
-increased by ACE I
-increases NO and vasodilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caffeine derivatives
-adenosine-1 receptor blocker
-high doses lead to unselective PDE inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-xanthine derivitive
-Adenosine-1-receptor blocker-->vasodilation
--caffeine derivatives
-adenosine-1 receptor blocker
-high doses lead to unselective PDE inhibition
-decrease PDE, increase cAMP-->smooth muscle relaxtion
-seizure risk with high doses because of release of catacholomines
-1A2 metablism-induced by smoke and protien
-high doses-->switch to zero order-->tachycardia, N&V, tremor, rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE III-inodilation
-increase stroke volume and CO-no increase in O2 consumption or BP
-smooth muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE III-inodilation
-increase stroke volume and CO-no increase in O2 consumption or BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE IV inhibitor
-used for COPD-->increases cAMP and reduces inflammatory cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE V
-vasodilation-->ED
-can cause visual impairment
-3A4
-heartburn, headache, nasal congestion, flushing
-contraindicated with heart problems-->too much vasodliation-->decrease BP-->can't get blood to brain-->pass out
-don't use with nitrates
-also marketed under different trade name for pulmonary hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE V
-vasodilation-->ED
-can cause visual impairment
-3A4
-heartburn, headache, nasal congestion, flushing
-contraindicated with heart problems-->too much vasodliation-->decrease BP-->can't get blood to brain-->pass out
-don't use with nitrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE V
-vasodilation-->ED
-no visual impairment, PDE 11-no problems
-3A4
-prodrug with long half life
-heartburn, headache, nasal congestion, flushing
-contraindicated with heart problems-->too much vasodliation-->decrease BP-->can't get blood to brain-->pass out
-don't use with nitrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-natural statins
-lovasatin, simvastatin, pravastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-synthetic
-atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-OAT-Rosuvastatin,pravastatin
-Diffusion-Lovastatin, Simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decrease intracellular cholesterol-->activates genes for LDL receptor-->reduces extracellular chol.
-greatly reduces LDL-C, moderately reduces TGs (fibrates), slightly increases HDL-C (niacin)
-Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin-most potent
-plietropic effects-decrease protient prenylation-->decrease cancer, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, alzheimers
-decrease melvalonic acid-->which inhibits NO production less
-decreases arterial thickening and re-stenosis
-decrease CRP-->less aggregation and decreased risk of MI
-increase plaque stability-increased collagen production and decreased matrix protease and monocyte endothelial adherence
-decrease plasminogen activator inhibitor 1-->allows plasminogen-->plasmin-->fibrin degradation
-decreases osteoclast formation (~bisphosphonates)
-absorbed in GIT with high FPE
-most fecal elimination
-can lead to myotoxicity (increase with lipophilic and with fibrates) and hepatotoxicity
-category X
-all are single isomers with low bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lipophilic-simvastatin, lovastatin,fluvastatin, atorvastatin
-hydrophilic-provastatin, -->more hepatic selective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-prodrug-lovastatin, simvastatin
-active-fluvostatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-only one with no cyp450 metabolism
-only 50% protien binding (the rest ~100)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-atorvastatin-14 hours
-rosuvastatin-20 hours
-all others around 1-3-->give in evening when most cholesterol is synthesized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-converts to NO with cysteine-->vasodilation
-trinitrate-shortest half-life
-no FPE
-nitrate tolerance-->depletion of sulfhydryl group needed for nitrates to vasodilate
-do not mix with PDE V inhibitors or alpha-1 blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dinitrate-medium half-life
-used for angina and cyanide poisening-->sequesters cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin
-also used as "popper"
-do not mix with PDE V inhibitors or alpha-1 blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mononitrate-longest half life (5 hours)
-dinitrate- medium (1 hour)
--do not mix with PDE V inhibitors or alpha-1 blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-NO donor and K channel opener
-hyperpolarize-->smooth muscle relaxant
-mouth ulceration
-palpitation, weakness, N&V, headache, flushing
--do not mix with PDE V inhibitors or alpha-1 blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first drug approved for alzheimers
-non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor
(AChE and BChe)
-SE-N&V and liver damage (increases LFTs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ChEI with greater specificity for AChE in the CNS (not BChE in perphery)
-NO liver damage
-1/2 life-70 hours-->once a day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AChE and BChE inhibitor
-patch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-natural
-synthesized to intocostrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -blocks ACh receptor sites at nueromuscular junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
-used by surgeons to keep muscles loose
-block muscarinic receptors-->nerves don't interact with muscles
-no CNS involvment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-muscarinic blocking effect
-NDMR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reversibly binds AChE-->increasing ACh-->out competes muscle relaxant after surgery
-no CNS penetration
-terminates action in 10 minutes
-fewer muscarinic effects than neostigmine
-low potency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reversibly binds AChE-->increasing ACh-->out competes muscle relaxant after surgery
-no CNS penetration
-terminates action in 10 minutes
-more muscarinic effects than edrophonium
-higher potency
-lasts 20-30 minutes
-excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AChE I used for Myaethania Gravis
-No CNS penetration, more potent, long acting
-pre-treatment for nerve gas (organo phosphate) exposure-->weaker AChE I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anti-cancer drug
-blocks conversion of folic acid-->THF
by blocking dihydrofolic reductase
-given in low dose with folate will inhibit T-cell activation and be used as an immunosupressent w/ myaesthenia
-excretion can be competitive with beta-lactam (penicillin like antibiotics)-->cause toxicity
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-calcineurin inhibitor (which is reponsible for IL-2)
-immunosupressent that can be used for myaesthenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A-atropine
FL-fluid
O-oxygen
P- pyrodoxine-reactivates cholinesterase
or
pyrodostigmine-pre-exposure-weaker AChE I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-only AChE I that penetrates the brain
-used for treatment of anticholinergic syndrome
-"Niagerian trial" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-short acting cholinergic antagonist
-short acting mydriatic |
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Term
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Definition
alpha-andrenergic agonist
-short acting mydriatic |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic blocker (PS)
-mydriatic
-resuscitation (jump start heart~epi)
-decrease secretions and bronchoconstriction
-antidote for OP
-central anticholinergic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
-weak atropine that can't enter brain
-no CAS |
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Term
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Definition
"tropium"
-only long acting inhalitive antimuscarinic
-used for asthma/COPD |
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Term
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Definition
-stops urinary incontinence (leakage)
-M3 receptor blocker-->stops smooth muscle bladder contraction |
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Term
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Definition
-M1 and M3 blocker
-less selective darifenicin
-may cause dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| -non-selective muscarinic blocker used for urinary incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
-atropine derivitive
-muscarinic blocker-->decreases ACh and restores ACh/dopamine imbalance in Parkinson's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| -antihistamine with strong anticholinergic effect |
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Term
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Definition
-anticholinergic, NMDA receptor antagonist, and antihistamine
-diphenhydramine derivitive
-2/3 atropine |
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Term
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Definition
-tertiary amine
-anticholinergic-->restors AcH/Dopamine balance and stops parkinson-like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
-tertiary amine
-anticholinergic-->restors AcH/Dopamine balance and stops parkinson-like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-nonselective muscarinic agonist
-decreases IOP and gluacoma |
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Term
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Definition
-M3 agonist
-increases saliva production (~clozapine)
-used for dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
-nonselective alpha receptor blocker
-vasodilation-->decrease BP in hypertensive emergencies
-used for emergency phaeochromocytoma or cocaine induces hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
-"osin"- alpha 1 A blockers (specific for prostate)
-uroselective blocker
-"flomax"-increases flow
-1:40 beta:alpha |
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Term
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Definition
"osin"-alpha 1 blocker
-non uroselective (prostate and peripheral)
-side effect->hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
"osin"-alpha 1 blocker
-non uroselective (prostate and peripheral)
-side effect->hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
"osin"-alpha 1 blocker
-functionally uroselective |
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Term
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Definition
| "osin" alpha 1 blocker -ueoselective -->alpha 1 a -no orthostatic hypotension -inhibit ejeculation, not orgasm |
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Term
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Definition
-central alpha 2 and imidazoline agonist--> negative feedback on presynaptic terminal-->decrease NT release
-turn off sympathetic activity
-imidazoline-decrease BP and reduce anxiety
SE:bradykardia, constipation, water retention
- alpha 1-analgesia, sedation
SE: dry mouth, parotid pain
-"nidine" |
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Term
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Definition
-alpha 2 agonist (not imidazol)
-pregnancy category B-> safe way to lower BP during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
-sedative anciolytic without respiratory depression
-clonidine like drug (only alpha 2) |
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Term
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Definition
| -clonidine like-selective for imidazol->specific for decreasing BP |
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Term
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Definition
-alpha 1 agonist->nasal vasocontriction for decongestion
-use too much, go to system-> increase BP
"zoline"
-can lead to nasal necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
-alpha 1 agonist->nasal vasocontriction for decongestion
-use too much, go to system-> increase BP
"zoline"
-can lead to nasal necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
-alpha 1 agonist->nasal vasocontriction for decongestion
-use too much, go to system-> increase BP
"zoline"
-can lead to nasal necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2/beta 1 agonist-4/1
"terol"-beta 2 agonist
-also called salbutamol
-secreted in urin
-racemic with eutomer and distomer
-ROSA reliever asthma inhalent |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2/beta 1 agonist-4/1
"terol"-beta 2 agonist
-also called albuterol
-secreted in urin
-racemic with eutomer and distomer
-ROSA reliever asthma inhalent |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2/beta 1 agonist-4/1
"terol"-beta 2 agonist
-ROSA reliever asthma inhalent
-concentrated eutomer of albuterol |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2 agonist
-true SOLA controller for asthma |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2 agonist
-only ROLA-->can be a controller or reliever in asthma |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2 agonist
-true SOLA controller for asthma |
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Term
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Definition
-beta 2 agonist
-only ROLA-->can be a controller or reliever in asthma |
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Term
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Definition
-psuedo beta 1 agonist
-beta 1>>beta 2 agonism
-racemic mixture- cancels out alpha effects
-increase HR and + ionotropic
-support failing heart |
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Term
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Definition
small dose- D1 agonist-in periphery acts on kidney and GI to increase profusion
"renal dose"-->protects kidneys
-medium dose-beta 1 agonist-increase HR and + ionotropic
-high dose- alpha 1 agonist-vasoconstriction and increase BP |
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Term
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Definition
-synthetic catecholamine
-increase cAMP through beta 1 and beta 2
-increase HR and contraction while vasodilating
-same as PDE III inhibitor-->inodilator |
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Term
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Definition
-non selective, no ISA beta blocker
-fat soluble-dreams and hepatic metab.
-Na CB |
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Term
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Definition
not selective, no ISA beta blocker
-water soluble |
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Term
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Definition
-not selectrive with ISA beta blocker
-water soluble-kindeys
-Na CB
-partial 5-HT-1a agonist |
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Term
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Definition
selective, no ISA beta blocker
-fat soluble-dreams and hepatic metab |
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Term
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Definition
selective, no ISA beta blocker
-water soluble-kidney |
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Term
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Definition
selective with ISA
-fat soluble-dreams
-renal elimination
-Na CB |
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Term
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Definition
-beta blocker used by anaesthetists because of ultra-short half life
-ester compound=ultra short half life |
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Term
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Definition
| mixed-non cardio specific alpha and beta blocker (1:3) |
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Term
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Definition
| mixed-non cardio specific alpha and beta blocker (1:3) |
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Term
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Definition
| -cardioselective Beta 1 blocker with vasodilation by NO |
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Term
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Definition
-beta blocker overdose
-increases cAMP without beta receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| -first inhaled anesthetic for surgery |
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Term
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Definition
-inhaled anesthetic with lowest MAC,highest potency and lipid solubility
-first introduces, rarely used in western world
-can trigger malignant hyperthermia (release of Ca)
-20% metabolized (most)-->hepatitis
-slow onset/offset |
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Term
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Definition
-inhaled anesthetic
-2% metabolized
-increased risk of seizures |
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Term
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Definition
-inhaled anesthetic
-.2% metabolized |
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Term
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Definition
-inhaled anesthetic
-4 % metabolized
-kidney damage |
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Term
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Definition
-highest MAC of inhaled anesthetics, lowest fat solubility and potency
-.004% metabolized
-rapid onset/offset |
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Term
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Definition
-laughing gas-NMDA antagonist(not GABA agonist) inhaled anesthetic
-highest MAC, lease fat soluble and potent
-cannot use alone for proper anesthesia
-sympatho-mimetic (like ketamine)
-inhibits B12 dependent enzymes-myelin production (paralysis) and RBC production (megoblastic anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
-"cronium"-aminosteroid NDMR
-less vasolytic->increases HR
-longest length (90-120 min)
-renal/hepatic elimination |
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Term
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Definition
"curonium"aminosteroid NDMR
-very vagolytic-->increase HR-->don't give to patients with CAD
-second longest lasting (60-90) |
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Term
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Definition
"curonium" aminosteroid NDMR
-hepatic/renal/bile elimination
-intermediate acting (30-40min) |
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Term
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Definition
-"curonium"-aminosteroid NDMR
-not metabolized-->renal/bile elimination
-intermediate acting (30-40min) |
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Term
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Definition
-"curium" isoquinoline NDMR
-histamine release->bronchoconstriction and tachycardia
-ester-shortest acting (5-15 min) |
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Term
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Definition
-"curium" isoquinoline NDMR
-histamine release->bronchoconstriction and tachycardia
-mixture of 10 isomers
-partially degraded by Hofmann
-rest by plasma esterases-->laudanosine (increases CNS and causes seizures)
-intermediate duration (20 min) |
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Term
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Definition
| -"curium" isoquinoline NDMR -histamine release->bronchoconstriction and tachycardia -cleaner atracurium-->only active isomers -Hoffman with laudanosine (increased CNS and seizures) -intermediate (30min) |
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Term
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Definition
-"curium" isoquinoline NDMR
-histamine release->bronchoconstriction and tachycardia
-not metabolized-renal
-long duration (120 min) |
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Term
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Definition
-di-acetyl-choline
-depolarizing muscle relaxant
-only 1-10% reaches target (unless atypical)
-ultra-short 1/2 life (3 minutes)
-very rapid onset (60 seconds)
-train four response-fade
-fasiculations, myalgia (young women), increased pressure (ICP, IOP, intragastric)-->don't give with head trauma, glaucoma, eye injury
-bradycardia, bronchospasm
-hyperkalemia (higher ith muscle disease or burns)
-masseter muscle spasm and malignant hypertherm |
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Term
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Definition
-test to determine the amount of ChE in plasma
-should get broken down 80%, if less-->less ChE present |
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Term
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Definition
-large polysaccharide, water soluble, not protein bound-->short 1/2 life (fast acting)
-safe for pregnancy
-parenterally-->in plasma
-catalyzes antithrombin III to inactivate 2,9,10,11,12 (intrinsic), also inhibits FII (thrombin)
-measured with partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
-can cause HIT(heparin induced thrombocytopenia)-long term-->autoimmune against platelets-->bleed more and clot
-osteoporosis
-antagonist-protamine (a vasodilator or anticoag)
-LMW-clean-only AT III activator-increased 1/2 life, expensive with no reliable antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
-small, lipid soluble-->goes to liver, protein bound-->long half life (displaced by fibrates)
-oral
-binds to vit. K epoxide reductase-->stops production of vit. K dependent factors-2,7, 9, 10, s, c (extrinsic)
-don't take if pregnant
-measured with Prothrombin time (PT), or INR- INR increases with efficacy (decrease in Vit. K)
-VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphism
-antagonize with Vit. K (long term) or Frozen Fresh Plasma
-can lead to skin necrosis (avoid if heparin bridge)
-ADR-osteoporosis, purple toe (necrosis) |
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Term
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Definition
-direct thrombin inhibitor (from leech)
-"rudin"
-reversal of HIT |
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Term
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Definition
-"rudin"-direct thrombin inhibitor
-IV-->reversal of HIT from heparin |
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Term
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Definition
-direct thrombin inhibitor and anticoagulant
-IV-->reversal of HIT from heparin
-can be used in replace of heparin as an anticoagulant |
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Term
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Definition
-"gatran"- oral
-direct thrombin inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
(+) 5-HT, adrenalin, ADP, TXA2, PAF, Thrombin
(-) adenosine, NO/EDRF, PGI2, cAMP, cGMP |
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Term
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Definition
-low dose-inhibits platelet aggregation
-inhibits COX on platelets->inhibits TXA2 (which causes platelet aggregation) |
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Term
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Definition
-decreases platelet aggregation
-ADP-inhibitor- stops the activation of P2Y12->which then cannot activate IIbIIIa
-used when ASA cannot be used, but is not being used in place of
-ester, only 15% makes it to liver |
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Term
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Definition
-decreases platelet aggregation "grel"
-ADP-inhibitor- stops the activation of P2Y12->which then cannot activate IIbIIIa
-used when ASA cannot be used, but is not being used in place of
-pro-drug
-ester, only 15% makes it to liver |
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Term
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Definition
-decreases platelet aggregation "grel"
-ADP-inhibitor- stops the activation of P2Y12->which then cannot activate IIbIIIa
-used when ASA cannot be used, but is not being used in place of
-pro-drug
-ester, only 15% makes it to liver |
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Term
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Definition
| -direct GP-IIb/IIIA inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| -direct GP-IIb/IIIA inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| -direct GP-IIb/IIIA inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
-adenosine-re-uptake inhibitor
-increase adenosine-->decreases platelet aggregation
-also reduces heart rate
-PDE I do the same thing (cAMP and cGMP decrease aggregation) |
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Term
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Definition
-thrombolytic->catalyze formation of plasmin
-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
-use post surgery, MI, Stroke, etc.
-binds to clot itself, more specific
-cost more
-also increases platelet aggregation by increasing thrombin levels (must counter with ASA) |
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Term
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Definition
-thrombolytic
-catalyzes formation of plasmin
-binds to plasminogen (not clot)-less specific, can cause increased bleeding
-can form antibodies against
-use post surgery, MI, Stroke, etc.
-also increases platelet aggregation by increasing thrombin levels (must counter with ASA) |
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Term
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Definition
-TB
-stops bacteria RNA polymerase
-potent inducer of metabolism
-red child syndrome-orange skin and secretions and contact lenses |
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Term
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Definition
-TB
-stops bacteria RNA polymerase
-potent inducer of metabolism
-red child syndrome-orange skin and secretions and contact lenses
-less drug interaction-used in HAART for HIV treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-TB
-stops bacteria RNA polymerase
-potent inducer of metabolism
-red child syndrome-orange skin and secretions and contact lenses
-longer half life |
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Term
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Definition
-TB
-inhibits arabinosyl-->bacterial cell wall synthesis
-OPTIC NEURITIS, red/green discrimination, decrease uric acid-->goute
-neuropathy, nystagmus |
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Term
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Definition
-TB
-prodrug-->INA-->gets incorporated into NAD-->decreases mycolic acid synthesis-->cell death
-uses acetyl transferase-->sight for polymorphism in people
-NAT-2 gene-further north, better acetylators-->less toxicity
-can be measured with xanthine metab.
-inactivates pyridoxal (B6)-peripheral neuropathy
-stops conversion of glutamate->GABA- CNS stimulant-BDZ resistant siezures
-stops conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate-->lactic aciduria
-decreases conversion from tryptophan->niacin (vit. B3)-pellegra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)
-hepatotoxicity->lupas-like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
-diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS)
-rafampin and clofazamine
-used for leprocy |
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Term
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Definition
-blocks the conversion of PABA to folate
-dihydropteroate synthetase
-hemolysis w/ glucose6P dehydrase deficiency (also caused by fava beans)
- |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits DNA replication
-anti-inflammatory-->given for leprosy
rxn erythema nodosum leprosum-->hypersensitivity rxn |
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Term
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Definition
-stops the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate-->inhibits diyhydrofolate reductase
-slows DNA and RNA synthesis-->anti-cancer (trimethoprim and pyrimethaprim)
-immunosuppressent because it stops t-cell activation (used for AI-rheumatoid arthitis, crohns, psoriasis)
-supplement with folate
-renal comp. and toxicity with B-lactams
- |
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Term
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Definition
-cause toxicity of methyltraxate
-penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenems, monolactam |
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Term
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Definition
-binds to cyclophilin and inhibit calcineurin-->decreases IL-2
-immunosuppresent-used for rhematoids
-can cause neprhotoxity, increased malignancy, 3A4 substrate (induced by BCGPRS)-inhibited by grapefruit |
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Term
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Definition
=rapamycin
-"limus"-immunosupressent |
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Term
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Definition
-tsukuba macolide immunosupressent
-similar to cyclopsporin (calcineurin-IL2) |
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Term
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Definition
-tsukuba macolide immunosupressent
-similar to cyclopsporin (calcineurin-IL2) |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits purine synthesis->slows DNA synthesis (B and T cells)
-pro-drug-->6-merpcaptopurine
-bone marrow toxicity
-teratogenic
-metabolized by TPMT-polymorphisms
(also metabolizes 6-thioguanine)
TPMT deficient-->leads to hematotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits purine synthesis-->DNA synthesis-->T and B cells
-delayed onset of action (6-12 months)
-no side effects
-expensive |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits microtubule polymerzation, decreases mitosis
-affects axonomal transport
-stops luekocytes from getting to inflamed area-->stops acute flare from gout arthritis (big toe) |
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Term
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Definition
-interferes with excretion and increases the elimination of uric acid
-used for gout |
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Term
| xanthine oxidase inhibitor |
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Definition
-stops the synthesis of uric acid
-used for gout |
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Term
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Definition
-used in the treatment of solid tumors
-polymorphism-->dihydro-pyrimidine-dehydrogenase (DPD)-rate limiting step in catabolism-->toxicity if absent
-toxicity-myolsupression, mouth ulcers, skin changes, neuro tox, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
-used in the treatment of solid tumors
-polymorphism-->dihydro-pyrimidine-dehydrogenase (DPD)-rate limiting step in catabolism
-toxicity-myolsupression, mouth ulcers, skin changes, neuro tox, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
-5 lipoxidase (LO)inhibitor-decreases leukotrienes
-broad spectrum antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
-decreases macrophage activation
-gold |
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Term
tnf-alpha inhibitor/IL-1 antagonist
-cept, ximab, zumab, mumab, ra |
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Definition
-cept-receptor Ab fusion protein
-ximab-chimeric monoclonal Ab
-zumab-humanized monoclonal Ab
-mumab-human monoclonal Ab
-ra-receptor agonist |
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