Term
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Definition
| requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| a range of untoward effects(unintended and occuring at normal dosages) of drugs that cause mild to severe side effects, including anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that produce a response |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that block a response |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| most accurate test to determine renal function |
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Term
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Definition
| the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles |
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Term
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Definition
| the dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the release of a drug from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| fillers and inert substances that are used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular size and shape and to enhance drug dissolution |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which the drug passes to the liver first |
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Term
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Definition
| that portion of a drug that is not bound to protein, is active and can cause a pharmacological effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that have a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects |
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Term
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Definition
| the site on a receptor in which drugs bind |
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Term
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Definition
| a large initial dose of a drug is given to achieve a rapid minimum effect concentration in the plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs which have a narrow margin of safety and high danger of producing a toxic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of a drug to an inactive form |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that affect various receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is administered |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs mostly by diffusion, not requiring energy to move across the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| is the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time |
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Term
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Definition
| first phase by which a drug in solid form disintegrates into smaller particles to dissolve into a liquid (dissolution) |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of drug concentration and its affects on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influences |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of drug movement to achieve drug action (absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion) |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect |
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Term
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Definition
| an effect that occurs when drugs bind to protein as they are distributed in the plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes a drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological effects not related to desired drug effects |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug; an acute tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
| estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective dose in 50% of persons and the lethal dose in 50% of animals |
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Term
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Definition
| the area between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and the minimum toxic concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a decrease responsiveness over the course of therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| the physiological, physical or laboratory manifestations that can be attributed to the presence of a substance in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the lowest plasma concentration of a drug; it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated |
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