Term
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Definition
| A complex disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting primarily from the lack of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas or from defects of the insulin receptors; it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes. There are two major types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. |
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Term
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) |
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Definition
| A severe metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes that, if untreated, leads to diabetic coma and death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It may resolve after pregnancy but may also be a precursor of type 2 diabetes in later life. |
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the alpha cells in the islet of Langehans that stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the simple sugars that serves as a major source of energy. it is found in foods (e.g., fruits, refined sweets) and also is the final breakdown product of complex carbohydrate metabolism in the body; it is also commonly referred to as dextrose. |
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Definition
| A polysaccharide that s the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breakdown of glycogen to glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemoglobin molecules to which glucose molecules are bound; blood levels of hemoglobin A1C are used as a diagnostic measure of average daily blood glucose levels in the monitoring of diabetes; it is also called glycosylated hemoglobin or glycated hemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dl or higher or a nonfasting blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl or higher. |
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Term
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HNKS) |
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Definition
| A metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes, similar in severity to diabetic ketoacidosis but without ketosis and acidosis. |
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Definition
| A blood glucose level of less than that 50 mg/dl. |
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Term
Impaired fasting glucose level |
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Definition
| A fasting glucose level of at least 110 mg/dl but lower than 126 mg/dl; its defines a prediabetic state that is sometimes called prediabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally occurring hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic chemical compounds produced through the oxidation of secondary alcohols (e.g., fat molecules), including dietary carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic excessive intake of water; it is a common symptom of diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive eating; is it a common symptom of diabetes. |
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Definition
| Increased frequency or volume of urinary output; it is a common symptom of diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diabetes mellitus that is a genetically determines autoimmune disorder characterized by a complete or nearly complete lack of insulin production; it most commonly arises in children or adolescents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of diabetes mellitus that most commonly presents in adults. The disease may be controlled by lifestyle modifications, oral drug therapy, and/or insulin, but patients are not necessarily dependent on insulin. |
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