Term
|
Definition
Drug is eliminated at a constant rate (linear curve)
Drugs:
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Asprin
Think of "PEA" as circular like zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug elimination is depedent on how much drug there is. More drug, faster its eliminated |
|
|
Term
| Urine pH trapping of drugs |
|
Definition
Ionized form of drug always gets trapped in the compartment its in (kidney)
Weakly basic drugs normally tend to accept H+ ions, making them ionized. Basic drugs in acidic environments will get trapped to be eliminated
Weakly acidic drugs normally donate their H+, making the conjugate base ionized. In a basic environment, weak bases will donate their H+ and become the ionized base to be trapped and excreted |
|
|
Term
| Phase 1 vs Phase 2 metabolism |
|
Definition
Phase 1 involves:
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Phase 2 involves:
Conjugation
Glucoronylation
Sulfation
Phase 1 typicall lost first in elderly |
|
|
Term
| Drug that treats methanol poisoning |
|
Definition
Fomepizole
Inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase.
For those who come into ER with Methanol poisoning or Ethylene Glycol poisoning. |
|
|
Term
| Drug used to treat alcoholics trying to quit. |
|
Definition
Disulfiram
Inhibits Acetaldehyade Dehydrogenase. Will cause flushing, nausea, and vomiting. Similar effects seen in drugs like metronidazole |
|
|
Term
| Drug used to treat salicyclic acids (asprin) overdose |
|
Definition
NaHCO3
Salicyclic acid (weak acid) will encounter sodium bicarbonate (base) and will get trapped as its ionized conjugate base. Will leave via excretion |
|
|
Term
| Drug used to treat basic overdose (amphetamines) |
|
Definition
Ammonium Chloride - NH4Cl
Basic drugs such as amphetamines get ionized by ammonium chloride which acidifies the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rifampin
Phenytoin
Carbemazepine
St. John's Wort
Barbituates
Chronic EtOH
Griseofulvin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isoniazid
Ketoconazole
Cimetidine
Protease inhibitors (HIV)
Grapefruit Juice
Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
Antidote for:
Anticholinesterases, organophosphates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
B-blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Digitalis |
|
Definition
Stop digitalis, normalize K
lidocaine
anti-dig Fab fragments
Mg |
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Lead
or from chronic blood transfusions |
|
Definition
Succimer
dimercaprol
EDTA
Penicillamine |
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Mercury, arsenic, gold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Copper, arsenic, gold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Cyanide
from Nitroprusside, or house fire fumes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Methemoglobinemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Methanol, ethylene glycol |
|
Definition
Fomepizole
Ethanol
Dialysis |
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Opoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
TCAs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Warfarin |
|
Definition
Vitamin K
Fresh frozen plasma |
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
tPA, Streptokinase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antidote for overdose:
Theophylline |
|
Definition
|
|
