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Pharmacology Antibiotics
For NPhT Exam
43
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
05/06/2012

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Term
Anti-Infectives
Definition
Combats infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi
Term
Beta-lactams
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. Drugs contain Beta-lactam ring. 4 subclasses: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobectams
Term
Penicillin
Definition
Subclass of Beta-lactams. Penicillin V and amoxicllin are oral while Penicillin G is IV or IM. Low drug interaction. High allergy issue.
Term
Augmentin
Definition
Penicillin subclass. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
Term
Cephalosporins
Definition
Subclass of Beta-lactams and further divided into 4 generations. Most common drugs: Keflex (cephalexin), Ceftin (cefuroxime), Omnicef (cefdinir). Well tolerated with minimal drug interactions. Most commonly begin in "cef" or "ceph"
Term
Carbapenems & Monobactams
Definition
Subclass of Beta-lactams. Only in IV or IM.For moderate to severe infections.
Term
Brand name: Keflex. Generic name and class?
Definition
Generic name: Cephalexin, class: beta-lactams (penicillin). Brand ?
Term
Brand: Omnicef. Generic name and class?
Definition
Generic: cefdinir, class beta-lactams (cephalosporin) Brand ?
Term
Brand: Ceftin. Generic name and class?
Definition
Generic: Cefuroxime, class beta-lactams (cephalosporin) Brand ?
Term
Macrolides
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. Treats repiratory infections and Chlamydia. Topical agents for acne and eye infections. Most common drugs are Zithromax (azithromycin) and Biaxin(clarithromycin). Drug interactions and tolerability are issues. Generics usually end in "mycin", but so do those in the subclass aminoglycosides.
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
In the Macrolides subclass. Drug interaction issue with Biaxin.
Term
Zithromax
Definition
Azithromycin. Available in 3 or 5 day dosing packs. Short course therapy and keeps working after med has been stopped.
Term
Brand: Zitromax. Generic and subclass ?
Definition
Azithromycin in the macrolide subclass. Brand ?
Term
Brand: Biaxin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Clarithromycin in the macrolide subclass. Brand?
Term
Brand: E.E.S./Erythrocin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Eryhromycin in the macrolide subclass. Brand?
Term
Sulfonamides
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. Broad-spec for respiratory and urinary tract infections. Most common drug is Bactrim/Septra (SMZ-TMP). Resistance and allergy are big concerns. Commonly begin in "sulf".
Term
Brand: Bactrim/Septra (SMX/TMP). Generic and subclass?
Definition
Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the Sulfonamide subclass. Brand?
Term
Tetracyclines
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. Broad spec for acne, STD's, and respiratory infections. Common meds: Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline. Resistance and side effects in kids are issues. Permanent tooth discoloration, enamel defects, retard bone growth in children and all patients at risk of increased sensitivity to sun and skin lesions. Commonly end in "cycline"
Term
Brand: Sumycin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Tetracycline in the tetracycline subclass.
Term
Brand: Dynacin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Minocycline in the tetracycline subclass
Term
Brand: Doryx. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Doxycycline in the tetracycline subclass
Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. Treats sever infections. Mostly in IV or IM forms but also few topical agents. Severe hearing and kidney damage possible. Commonly end in "mycin"
Term
Brand: Nebcin/Tobrex(eye). Generic and subclass?
Definition
Tobramycin in the Aminoglycosides subclass
Term
Brand: TobraDex. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Tobramycin plus dexamethasone in the Aminoglycosides subclass.
Term
Brand: Neosporin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Neomycin sulfate in the aminoglycosides subclass
Term
Fluoroquinolones
Definition
Major Antibody subclass. A.k.a. quinolone. Treats repiratory, urinary tract, and intestinal infections. Divided into 4 generations. Possibility of tendon issues and shouldn't be used in children and pregnant women. Lots of drug interactions. Commonly end in "floxacin"
Term
Brand: Levaquin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Levofloxacin in the fluoroquinolone subclass.
Term
Brand: Avelox. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Moxifloxacin in the fluoroquinolone subclass.
Term
Brand: Cipro. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Ciprofloxacin in the fluoroquinolone subclass.
Term
Brand: Ciprodex. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Ciprofloxacin plus dexamethasone in the fluoroquinolone subclass
Term
Miscellaneous antibiotics
Definition
Meds that don't fall in 6 major antibody categories. For hard to treat infections and saved as a last ditch effort.
Term
Zyvox
Definition
In miscellaneous antibody subclass. For cases of MRSA. Drug and food interactions. Similar to MAOI and creates sensitivity to tyramine containing foods.
Term
Vancomycin and it's oral form
Definition
In the miscellaneous antibody subclass. Not aminoglycoside or macrolide antibody. Adverse reactions big issues and can cause "red-man" syndrome. Hard on the kidneys. Oral form only for intestinal infections.
Term
Clindamycin
Definition
In the miscellaneous antibody subclass. Treats intestinal, respiratory, skin, and vaginal infections, and acne treatment. Not an aminoglycoside or macrolide antibody. Severe diarrhea an issue.
Term
Metronidazole
Definition
In the miscellaneous antibody subclass. Treats protozoal infections. Avoid alcohol. Well tolerated with few allergic and drug reactions.
Term
Nitrofurantoin
Definition
In the miscellaneous antibody subclass. Treats urinary tract infections. Two forms: Macro and Microcrystals.
Term
Mupirocin
Definition
In the miscellaneous antibody subclass. Topical antibody for skin infections.
Term
Brand: Zyvox. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Linezolid In the miscellaneous antibody subclass (Oxazolidinones).
Term
Brand: Vancocin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Vancomycin In the miscellaneous antibody subclass (anti-infectives).
Term
Brand: Cleocin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Clindamycin In the miscellaneous antibody subclass (Lincosamides).
Term
Brand: Flagyl. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Metronidazole In the miscellaneous antibody subclass (Azole antifungal).
Term
Brand: Macrodantin. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Nitrofurantoin In the miscellaneous antibody subclass.
Term
Brand: Bactroban. Generic and subclass?
Definition
Mupirocin In the miscellaneous antibody subclass (broad spec).
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