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| the prinicipal neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervoes system acetylcholine activates cholinergic receptor sites throughout the body. Its action is blocked by anticholinergic drugs. |
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| an acquired physical or psychological dependence on a drug characterized by the habitual use of the drug, the tendency to increase the drug dose to experience the same or greater effects, increasing tolerance to the effects, and the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when deprived of the drug. Drugs with addictive potential are legally referred to as controlld substances or schedule drugs. |
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| a receptor for the sympathetic nervous system that is activated by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. There are three common types of adrenergic receptors often mentioned in pharmacology: alpha, beta1, beta2 |
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| a small, slender, all-glass container with a narrow neck, an ampule contains certain liquid drugs for injection or intravous use only. The ampulse is broken open by placing an alcohol swab around the neck and briskly snapping both ends of the ampulse. An ampulse contains enough drug for one dose. Once an ampulse is opened, the drug inside it is not saved or reused because it does not contain any preservative. Ampulses often contain drugs used in emergency resuscitation such as an epinephrine or calcium chloride. Ther term ampule has no proper abbreviation and should always be written in full. |
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| a drug that selectively supresses pain without producing sedation. |
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Definition
a drug that opposes the action of acetylcholine at the site of cholinergic receptors. Exert a predictable set of side effects. These are
A-anticholinergic
B-blurred vision, bladder retention
C-constipation
D-dry mouth |
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Definition
| a drug used to decrease symptoms of inflammation by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins |
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| a drug that is selctively toxic by rapidly dividing cells such as malignant cells and is used to treat cancer (neoplasm means tumor) |
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| a drug that prevents ofr relieves itching |
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| a drug that inhibits the growth of bacteria, but does not destroy them. Usually used topically, not internally. |
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Definition
| a drug that suppresses coughing |
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Definition
| That portion of the toatl drug dose, after absorption, that is actually, available to interact with receptors and produce a therapeutic effect. Bioavailability is determined by a number of factors influencing absorption, including drug composition, particle size, and stomach pH |
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Definition
| an agent such as sterile normal saline of sterile water that is used to reconstitute the powdered form a drug to prepare it for injection. |
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| an drug used to treat edema and hypertension by causing the kidneys to excrete more sodium and water |
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| a decreased susceptibility to the effects of a drug because of continued use. |
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| the time required for drug levels in the serum to decrease from 100% to 50%. The half life of a drug can be significantly prolonged when liver or kidney disease increases metabolism and excretion of a drug. The shorter a drug's half-life, the more frequently it must be administered to sustain therapeutic levels. Drugs with a short halflife may be manufactured in a slow-release form to provide sustained drug levels with less frequent doses |
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| a nonspecific term for any injection administered under the skin, or for the syringe used to give the injection. |
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Definition
| abbreviation for long acting. A part of the trad namem of sustained-release, long acting drugs. |
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Definition
| if the therapeutic effect of a drug is desired immediately to treat a medical disease, a large dose of the drug may be administered at once. This is known as a loading dose. This is generally twice the maintenance dose. |
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| the standard dose prescribed by the physician for any drug.Generally half the loading dose |
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Definition
| dilates the pupil of the eye |
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Definition
classified according to gauge and length
gauge-the inside diameter of the needle. The lower the gauge number, the larger the inside diameter. also known as the bore. |
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Definition
| highest serum level achieved following a single dose of a drug. |
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| sugar pills or injections of sterile normal saline solutions. Used in drug trials |
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Definition
| this type of drug is administered before the onset of a disease or other condition to prevent its occurence. |
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Definition
| sustained action. Sustained release, long acting drugs. |
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| The lowest serum level of a drug that occurs just before the next does is to be given |
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Definition
| a drug that relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessals to improve blood flow |
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Definition
| a drug that consricts the smooth muscle of blood vessals to increase the blood pressure |
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Definition
| small glass bottle containing a liquid or powder for injection. It has a rubber stopper in the cap that allows diluent to be injected to reconstitute a powdered drug. |
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