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Pharmacology 7
Drugs used in Cardiovascular System
28
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
11/09/2014

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Cards

Term
Phases of heart action
Definition
Systole- contraction
Diastole- relaxation
Term
Conduction system
Definition
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of His
Purkinje System
Term
Polarized
Definition
Positive charge outside of cell
Term
Depolarization (systole)
Definition
Na & Ca flow in, K flows out
Term
Sympathetic functions
Definition
Beta 1- positive chronotropic and inotropic effects

Alpha 1- vessel constriction

Beta 2- vessel dilation
Term
Compensation mechanisms
Definition
Increasing HR
Increasing SV
Increasing efficiency of muscle
Physiologic enlargement
Term
Disorders that respond to pharmacologic therapy
Definition
valvular disease

cardiac arrhythmias

myocardial disease
Term
Objectives of CV tx
Definition
Control rhythm

Maintain or increase output

relieve fluid accumulation

increase oxygenation
Term
positive inotropic drug qualities
Definition
Pros- improve strength of contraction

cons- increase 02 demand of heart
May damage contractile tissue
may increase occurrence of arrythmias
Term
cardiac glycosides
Definition
positive inotropic
digitalis derivative
pros-improved cardio contractility, decrease HR, antiarrhythmia effects, decrease dyspnea

Primary Action- increase force of contraction, decrease rate of contraction, improve baroreceptor function

Clinical use-CHF, atrial fib, Sv tachycardia

forms-digoxin (injectable, tabs, caps, elixir)
Term
Catecholamines
Definition
Positive inotropic

Sympathomimetic

actions: increase force/rate of contraction, constrict peripheral blood vessel, elevate blood glucose

con: short serum half lives
Term
epinephrine
Definition
catecholamine/positive inotropic

uses: cardiac resuscitation, tx anaphylaxis

forms: 1:10000 or 1:1000

cons: hypertension, arrhythmias, anxiety, excitability
Term
dopamine
Definition
catecholamine/positive inotropic

use: tx of acute heart failure, oliguric renal failure, tx of shock

cons: vomiting, tachycardia, dyspnea, variations in bp
Term
amirinone
Definition
Positive inotropic

IV

Short term
Term
Milrinone
Definition
Positive inotropic

Oral

Long term
Term
Pimobendan (vetmedin)
Definition
positive inotropic

av insufficiency or dilated myocardiopathy

cons: anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea

CTX: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis
Term
quinidine
Definition
class IA NA channel blocker

antiarrhytmic

use: vent arrhythmias, tachy, a fib

cons: anorexia, v/d, hypotension
Term
procainamide
Definition
Class IA NA channel blocker

premature vent contractions, vent tachy, some forms of attach

cons: anorexia, v/d, hypotension
Term
lidocaine
Definition
class IB Na channel blocker

use: control of pvc's, vtach
Term
propranolol & atenolol
Definition
class II beta adrenergic blocker

antiarrhythmic

tx: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, hypertension

cons: bradycardia, hypotension, worsen heart failure, bronchospasm, lethargy, depression
Term
class III
Definition
rarely used in vet med
Term
verapamil HCl
Definition
Class IV Ca channel blocker

antiarrhythmic

use: supraventricular tach, atrial flutter, fib

cons: hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, worsening CHF
Term
Hydralazine
Definition
vasodilator

arterial

use: reduce afterload w/CHF, esp caused by mitral insufficiency

cons: hypotension, v/d, Na& water retention &tach
Term
nitroglycerin
Definition
venodilator

reduce preload & pulmo edema
Term
prazosin
Definition
aa&vv dilator

use: tx of CHF, dilated cardio in dogs, systemic & pulmonary hypertens

cons: hypotension, syncope, v/d
Term
ACE inhibitors
Definition
Combined vasodilators

tx of class II, III, IV heart failure

captopril, enalapril

cons: azotemia, BUN & creatinine rise
Term
furosemide (Lasix)
Definition
diuretic

most efficient for removing edema w/heart failure

cons: hypokalemia, dehydration, hyponatremia, ototoxicity (cats), weakness, shock
Term
spironolactone
Definition
diuretic

POTASSIUM SPARING

normally used w/other diuretic
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