Term
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Definition
| what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced into the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the physiologic ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect |
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Definition
| the enzymatic alteration of drug structure; often takes place in the liver; also called drug metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a drug to the body's tissues following absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| the enzymatic alteration of drug structure; most drug metabolism takes place in the liver; also called biotransformation |
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Term
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Definition
| many drugs bind reversibly to plasma proteins, particularly albumin; these complexes are too large to cross capillary membranes; thus, the drug is not available for distribution to body tissues; drugs bound to proteins circulate in the plasma until they are released or displaced from the protein to which they are bound |
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Term
| Enterohepatic recirculation |
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Definition
| most bile is circulated back to the liver; may prolong the effects of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| an increased metabolic activity in the liver that is caused by a drug or other substance |
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Term
| Enzyme induction [example] |
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Definition
| phenobarbital increases the rate of its own metabolism, as well as that of other drugs metabolized in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a drug from the body, such as via the skin, saliva, lungs, bile, kidneys, and feces |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon that occurs following ingestion of an oral drug, in which a large percentage of the drug is destroyed in the gastrointestinal system or liver and never reaches the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved |
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Term
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Definition
| process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more easily removed from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| hepatic microsomal enzymes that inactivate drugs and either accelerate their excretion, or produce a chemical alteration that makes the resulting molecule more active than the original |
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Term
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Definition
| the length of time required for the plasma concentration of a medication to decrease by one-half after administration |
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Term
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Definition
| level of drug in the plasma is maintained continuously within the therapeutic range; the amount of drug administered has reached equilibrium with the amount of drug being eliminated, resulting in the distribution of a continuous therapeutic level of drug to body tissues |
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Term
| Primary site of excretion of excretion of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary site of metabolism of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that have no pharmacologic activity unless they are first metabolized to their active form |
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Term
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Definition
| after drug administration, the time when the plasma concentration of the medication falls below the minimum effective concentration |
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