Term
| What is the fundamental principle of pharmacodynamics? |
|
Definition
Drugs can only modify underlying biochemical or physiological process.
drugs can NOT "create" effects. |
|
|
Term
| A drug-receptor complex is necessary to invoke a(n) ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug receptors are very.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs (ligands) interact with |
|
Definition
| enzymes, nucleic acids, and membrane receptors |
|
|
Term
| Desensitization occurs when |
|
Definition
you have too much drug hitting a receptor and you develop a tolerance.
Causes cells to protect themselves from too much drug. You lose the therapeutic affect.
this is a pharmacodynamic response |
|
|
Term
| Receptor Occupancy Theory |
|
Definition
the magnitude of the effect is assumed to be directly proportional to the [drug]
Basically, the more drug, the more effect
Effect = Rmax x [D]/ Kd + [D] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receptor interaction not static, rather on/off interaction |
|
|
Term
| A Dose-Response Curve (DRC) plots.. |
|
Definition
the dose of a drug vs. the effect
it is a semi-log plot |
|
|
Term
| A Drug-Receptor (D-R) curve shows |
|
Definition
| potency, efficacy, and slope |
|
|
Term
| What are the two molecular properties drugs are classified on, according to their magnitude? |
|
Definition
1. Affinity for the receptor (potency)
2. Efficacy once bound to the receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AFFINITY for the receptor and EFFICACY
Triggers 100% response
it binds to a receptor and elicits a response
Ex: Adrenaline causes 100% bronchial dilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affinity and low efficacy
Ex: Ibuterol. Doesn't give 100% bronchial dilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maximal response produced by a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Effective dose concentration
How much drug is required to elicit desired response
Usually the ED50 |
|
|
Term
| Clinically, a drug that is more _ is more important than a drug that is _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A maximum agonist response can be achieved in the presence of a competitive antagonist if.. |
|
Definition
| given at a high enough dose |
|
|
Term
| Competitive antagonism shifts the agonist D-R Curve to the right/left? |
|
Definition
Right.
it decreases the potency, therefore requiring a larger drug concentration to overcome the agonist and achieve the desired affect |
|
|
Term
| An agonist can never overcome a _ antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that affect drug response |
|
Definition
| resistance, tolerance, tachyphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in drug response during repeated administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ACUTE development of tolerance due to rapid repeated administration of some drugs |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacokinetic Tolerance is due to what? |
|
Definition
a decrease in [drug] at its site of action
Ex: barbiturates, alcohol, phylbutazone |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacodynamic tolerance is |
|
Definition
the reduced responsiveness to the drug at its site of action
Ex: amphetamine, caffeine, nicotine, morphine, barbiturates, alchol
usually drugs that affect behavior or psychological outlook |
|
|
Term
| Dose-Response Curve: Quantal responses |
|
Definition
Shows the frequency with which a defined effect occurs in a population at a given dose
can express the cumulative frequency with which an effect occurs in a population at a given dose and all lower doses
Instead of measuring the degree of response, it measures # of people who have a therapeutic response at some level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frequency of desired response and toxic response at various doses
Therapeutic Index = toxic dose/ effective dose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small increase in dose is more likely to produce toxic effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large increases in dose are less likely produce toxic effect |
|
|
