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Pharma Diuretics Quiz
Key Concepts to know for diuretics
19
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
02/06/2012

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Term
What are the 4 functionally distinct regions of the nephron?
Definition
Proximal Convoluted Tubule 65%, Loop of Henle 20%, Early Distal CT 10%, Late Distal convoluted tubule 1-5%
Term
How much of the body is water? How much is Intracellular (in cells)? Extracellular (ECF and Vascular Space)?
Definition
45-60% of total body weight is water, 66% IN CELLS, 33% Outside cells [75% ECF/25% Blood Plasma]
Term
How do diuretics effect water distribution?
Definition
They cause the excretion of Na and Cl along with water and reduce ECF volume and composition.
Term
What is HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE?
Definition
Blood Pressure
Term
What is ONCOTIC PRESSURE?
Definition
The pressure exerted on vessel wall by plasma proteins esp ALBUMIN
Term
What is the relationship of K and Na between intra and extra cellular fluid? How do Na and K move in the LOH? EDCT? LDCT?
Definition
K is primarily inside cells and Na is in ECF. Na and Cl move out and K is actively pumped IN at the LDCT/Collecting Duct
Term
What hormone causes K to be excreted?
Definition
Aldosterone.
Term
What are the 3 basic renal processes?
Definition
Filtration, readsorption by active transport, and active SECRETION
Term
Where does FILTRATION occur?
Definition
In the GLOMERULUS.
Term
Where does READSORPTION of Na and Cl occur and how much at each point?
Definition
PCT 65%, Henle's Loop (ascending limb) 20%, EDCT 10%, LDCT/Collecting Duct 1-5%
Term
Where does ACTIVE SECRETION occur?
Definition
PCT-- active pumps that take things FROM the plasma into the lumen of the PCT for excretion
Term
How do diuretics work?
Definition
They block readsorption of Na and Cl from the nephron preventing the passive reabsorption of water causing the excretion of both.
Term
What is significance of the Cockroff-Gault Equation?
Definition
This equation uses the Serum Creatinine concentration and the pt's weight and age to estimate the GFR.
Term
What are the normal Creatatine clearance values for Men? Women?
What are the normal Serum Cr values for men and women?
Definition
Creatine clearance normal values:
Male: 97-137 ml/min.
Female: 88-128 ml/min
Normal serum creatine:
0.7-1.3 mg/dL for men
0.6-1.1 mg/dL for women
Term
What are the therapeutic uses of diuretics?
Definition
HTN (nobody really knows how they work but they reduce morbitity and mortality for HTN pts), pulmonary edema from CHF, edema from hepatic, cardiac or renal dysfunction.
Term
What are the electrolytes that should be monitored for pts taking diuretics?
Definition
Na, Cl, K
Term
What perimeters should be monitored to assess side effects of diuretic therapy?
Definition
Weight (daily), I&O, Vitals (except not temp), Electrolytes
Term
What drugs should you watch out for incombo with diuretics that can potentiate induced nephrotoxicity?
Definition
Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, antifungals, Vanco), NSAIDs, ACE ihi, Cancer drugs
Term
What are the points to cover with the patient to educate them about diuretics?
Definition
Duration, timing, expected symptoms, dietary implications
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