Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
SE of aminoglycosides (3)?
Hint:
- one is increased w/ cephalosporins
- one is increased w/ loop diuretics
- one has to do with pregnancy |
|
Definition
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
teratogen (group D) |
|
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Term
| Does Acyclovir or Gancyclovir have the cytopenias? |
|
Definition
gancyclovir (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
also has renal toxicity |
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|
Term
| INH 1/2 life affected by? |
|
Definition
| fast/slow acetylators. this is to be expected since it causes lupus |
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Term
| SE of TMP. How are they prevented? |
|
Definition
| cytopenias. May be prevented by folinic acid supplementation (leucovorin rescue) |
|
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Term
| 3 viruses that you can use acyclovir with? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| AIDS pt has CMV retinitis & Gancyclovir fails to clear it up. What do you use? |
|
Definition
| Foscarnet (viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that doesn't need to be activated by kinases) |
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Term
| Tx for African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) |
|
Definition
| Suramin (inhibits energy metabolism) |
|
|
Term
| where does foscarnet bind? |
|
Definition
| pyrophosphate binding group on DNA pol (pyroFOSphate) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 Protein synthesis inhibitors that get inactivated by the addition of something to them? |
|
Definition
1) Aminoglycosides: group transferase puts an acetyl, adenyl, or phophoryl group on the drug and inactivates it
2) chloramphenicol: acetyltransferases |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| decreased uptake or increased efflux (plasmid-encoded pumps) |
|
|
Term
| inhibits bacterial peptidyl transfer |
|
Definition
chloramphenicol (50S)
other 50S binders inhibit formation of the ribosome (linezolid) or translocation of the tRNA (macrolides, clindamycin, lincomycin) |
|
|
Term
| Protease inhibitor w/ crystalluria & thrombocytopenia |
|
Definition
| indinavir (remember that all of them cause hyperglycemia & fat redistribution) |
|
|
Term
3 SE of NRTIs?
Hint:
- One has to do with its action in the virus.
- One has to do with sensation
- One has to do with metabolic abnormalities |
|
Definition
cytopenias (neutropenia, anemia); may cause megaloblastic anemia
Perpheral neuropathy
Lactic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilia, cholestatic hepatitis, prolonged QT, P450 inhibition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fanconi's syndrome w/ expired meds. Photosensitivity. Tooth discoloration. Bone/tendon problems & tooth discoloration in kids |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Both Vanco & aminoglycosides have "N.O.T." side effects. The N & O are the same, but the T is different. Give them |
|
Definition
N = nephrotoxicity
O = ototoxicity
T = teratogen/thrombophlebitis for aminoglycosides/vanco respectively
NOTE: nephro/oto tox are increased by cephalosporins/loop diuretics with aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| 2 major structral differences between penicillins & cephalosporins |
|
Definition
| cephalosporins have a 6 member ring attached to beta-lactam (instead of a 5-member ring) & they have an extra functional group |
|
|
Term
| seizure risk w/ this penicillin-like drug |
|
Definition
| imipenem/cilastatin (imipenem causes the seizures) |
|
|
Term
| Why are aminoglycosides useless against anaerobes? |
|
Definition
| they require O2 for uptake |
|
|
Term
Use of each:
1) -bendazoles
2) Diethycarbamazine
3) Praziquantel
4) Ivermectin |
|
Definition
1) Nematode intestinal infections (pinworm, hookworm, strongyloides, ascaris)
2) Tissue nematodes (loaloa, W.bancrofti, larva migrans) except O.volvulus
3) Cestodes (tapeworms) & flukes (schistosoma, clonarchis, P.westermani)
4) Oncocerca volvulus (rIVER blindmess, blackfly) |
|
|
Term
| Griseofulvin is an inducer or inhibitor of p450? |
|
Definition
| inducer (e.g. increases warfarin metabolism) |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia w/ ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| hemolytic (also severe teratogen) |
|
|
Term
penicillin w/ interstitial nephritis?
hint, it is beta-lactamase resistant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PSI used esp for anaerobic infections (e.g. bacteroides, clostridium) in aspirational pneumonia or lung abscess |
|
Definition
clindamycin
remember the SE of this drug is C.diff colitis (prol b.c. it is so good at knocking off the anaerobes!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bismuth
metronidazole
tetracycline (or amoxicillin) |
|
|
Term
| Tx for chagas (american trypanosomiasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
INH toxicity (HINT: INH: Injures...)
also something to do with its acetylation |
|
Definition
INH: injures neurons & hepatocytes (neuro & nephrotoxicity); B6 can prevent neurotoxicity
also SLE |
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Term
|
Definition
| blocks IMP dehydrogenase --> inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| Aztreonam is only effective for what type of bacteria? |
|
Definition
G(-) rods
no effect on G(+) or anaerobes
remember this is the PBP3 drug |
|
|
Term
| 2 instances rifampin is used alone? |
|
Definition
1) meningococcal carrier state
2) prophylaxis in contacts of kids w/ H.flu |
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