Term
| Two Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Voluntary control over skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary control over smooth and cardiac muscle and glands |
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Term
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Definition
Released by most postganglionic nerves
Binds with adrenergic receptors
Alpha-receptors
Beta-receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Released by presynaptic nerves in parasympathetic nervous system
Binds with cholinergic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Nicotinic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Adrenergic agonists
Stimulate SNS
Produce fight-or-flight s/s |
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Term
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Definition
AKA muscarinic agonist
Stimulates PNS
Produce rest-&-digest s/s |
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Term
| Adrenergic antagonist/blockers |
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Definition
| Opposite of sympathomimetics |
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Term
| Anticholinergic aka parasympatholytics |
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Definition
| opposite of parasympathomimetics |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Direct EX |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bind to cholinergic receptors to produce rest-&-digest s/s |
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Term
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Definition
| urinary retention, dry mouth, glaucoma |
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Term
| Urecholine Contraindicated |
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Definition
| angina pectoris, recent MI, dysrhythmias, lithium, adenosine |
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Term
| Urecholine Ax longer or shorter than acetycholine |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Indirect EX |
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Definition
| Prostigmin, Aricept, Reminyl |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Indirect AX |
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Definition
| Inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase allowing for acetylcholine to remain on receptors longer and prolonging its action |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Indirect USES |
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Definition
| myasthemia gravis, Alzheimer’s (slows progression & improves memory), glaucoma |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Indirect SE's |
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Definition
| salivation, increased muscle tone, bronchoconstriction, & bradycardia |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Direct/Indirect IMPS |
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Definition
| Do not use with GI or Urinary obstruction, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, and Parkinson’s |
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Term
| Parasympathomimetics Indirect |
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Definition
| Keep atropine available to counteract increased acetylcholine |
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Term
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Definition
| Cogentin, atropine, atrovent, Bentyl, Ditropan |
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Term
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Definition
| block or compete at central acetycholine receptor sites in the ANS |
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Term
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Definition
| Parkinson’s, EPS, PUD, IBS, preop for eye procedures, bradycardia, asthma, incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
| dilated pupils, tachycardia, drying of secretions, bronchial relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| epi, norepi, dopamine, amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to norepi
Short duration
Must be administered parenterally |
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Term
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Definition
Longer duration
Can be taken orally |
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Term
| Alpha1-adrenergic Receptors located where in the body? |
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Definition
| In all sympathetic target organs except heart |
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Term
| Alpha1-adrenergic Receptors Response in the body |
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Definition
Constriction of blood vessels
Dilation of pupils |
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Term
| Alpha1-adrenergic Receptors USES |
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Definition
| Nasal congestion, hypotension, mydriasis |
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Term
| Alpha1-adrenergic Receptors EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha2-adrenergic Receptors Located where in the body |
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Definition
| At presynaptic adrenergic neuron terminals |
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Term
| Alpha2-adrenergic Receptors activation does? |
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Definition
| Inhibit release of Norepinephrine |
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Term
| Alpha2-adrenergic Receptors TX |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha2-adrenergic Receptors EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta1-adrenergic Receptors Located where |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta1-adrenergic Receptors AX |
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Definition
Activation increases heart rate and force of contraction of heart.
Increases release of renin |
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Term
| Beta1-adrenergic Receptors |
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Definition
| Cardiac Arrest, Heart Failure, Shock |
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Term
| Beta1-adrenergic Receptors EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta2-adrenergic Receptors Located |
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Definition
| In all sympathetic target organs except the heart |
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Term
| Beta2-adrenergic Receptors ax |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta2-adrenergic Receptors tx |
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Definition
| of asthma & premature labor |
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Term
| Beta2-adrenergic Receptors ex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dysrhythmias, tachycardia, HTN, szs, dry mouth, N/V, anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
Specifics for Dopamine
Specifics for levophed |
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Term
| Nicotinic Receptors Location |
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Definition
| In sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulate smooth muscle
Stimulate gland secretion |
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptors Location |
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Definition
| In parasympathetic target organs except the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulate smooth muscle
Stimulate gland secretion |
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Term
| Adrenergic-Blocking Agents EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenergic-Blocking Agents AX |
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Definition
| to inhibit the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| Adrenergic-Blocking Agents Uses |
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Definition
| hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, heart failure, benign prostatic hypertrophy, narrow-angle glaucoma |
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Term
| Adrenergic-Blocking Agents SE's |
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Definition
| dizziness, drowsiness, headache, loss of energy and strength, palpitations, dry mouth |
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Term
| Alpha-Andrenergic Blocker EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha-Andrenergic Blocker USES |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha-Andrenergic Blocker SE |
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Definition
| hypotension, tachycardia, nasal, congestion, impotence |
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Term
| Alpha-Andrenergic Blocker IMPS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Same as beta blockers previously covered |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Seizures of Unknown Etiology |
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Definition
Lower tolerance to environmental triggers
Sleep deprivation
Flickering lights
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances |
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Term
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Definition
IV Valium and Ativan
Do not mix w/ other drugs in IV line |
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Term
| Pharmacotherapy for SZRS depends on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dose levels for seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are used determined dosing |
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Definition
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Term
| If seizures don't stop, what may happen |
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Definition
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Term
| This is increased till Seizure activity stops |
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Definition
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Term
| Should not be done with seizure meds |
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Definition
| abrubtly stop, needs to be tapered off over 6-12 weeks |
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Term
| What is extremely important with SEZ meds |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the goal of seizure meds? |
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Definition
| Control movement of electrolyte across neuronal membranes |
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Term
| What enhancees neuronal activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What suppresses neuronal activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should antiseizure meds stop admin |
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Definition
seizure free at least three years
Withdraw gradually over several months
Resume medications if seizures return
Be aware of rebound seizures |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Barbiturates EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Barbiturates AX |
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Definition
| decrease impulse transmission to the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Barbiturates USES |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Barbiturates IMPS |
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Definition
PO, IM, IV (dilute good and give slowly)
May cause dependency-do not stop abruptly
Monitor serum drug range |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| similar to that of barbiturates but safer |
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Term
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Definition
| for short-term seizure control |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hydantoins and Phenytoin-like Drugs AX |
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Definition
| Desensitize sodium channels |
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Term
| W/ Hydantoins and Phenytoin, what is factor that determines whether neurons will undergo an ax potential |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Hydantoins EX |
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Definition
| Ex-Cerebyx (do not get confused w/ celexa or celebryx), Dilantin |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:HYDANTOINS AX |
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Definition
| Inhibit the spread of seizure activity in the motor cortex |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:HYDANTOINS Uses |
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Definition
| general tonic-clonic Sz, status epilepticus, psychomotor Sz |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:HYDANTOINS Cerebryx IMPS |
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Definition
| Cerebryx is only given IV for status epilepticus |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:HYDANTOINS IMPS Dilantin |
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Definition
can be given PO, IV
Lots of interactions-check all meds
Do not crush or chew tabs
Watch serum range to prevent toxicity
Both IV preps are extremely caustic to the tissue if infiltration occurs |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:HYDANTOINS SE's |
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Definition
| gingival hyperplasia, diplopia, paresthesias |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin-like EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin-like AX |
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Definition
| Inhibits nerve impulses by limiting the influx of Na across cell membranes in motor cortex |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin-like USES |
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Definition
| tonic-clonic Sz, complex-partial, and mixed Sz |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin-like IMPS |
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Definition
Take as directed
Watch serum range
Do not take w/ grapefruit
Do not take with MAOI |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Valproates EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Valproates AX |
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Definition
| Increases levels of GABA in the brain, which decreases Sz activity |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Valproates USES |
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Definition
| simple, complex, absence, mixed Sz; manic episodes; migraines |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Valproates IMPS |
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Definition
Watch serum levels
Do not crush or chew tabs of caps
Take as directed |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Succinimides EX |
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Definition
| Zarontin (do not get confused w/ zaroxlyn) |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Succinimides AX |
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Definition
| Suppress seizures by delaying calcium influx into neurons |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Succinimides USE |
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Definition
| absence, partial, and tonic-clonic Sz |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: SuccinimidesIMPS |
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Definition
| May be given w/ another anticonvulsant |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:Oxazolidinediones EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:Oxazolidinediones AX |
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Definition
| Inhibit the T Ca current in thalamic neurons |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:Oxazolidinediones USES |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants:Oxazolidinediones IMPS |
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Definition
| Not used often d/t lots of SEs |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Miscellaneous EX |
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Definition
| Diamox, Keppra, Neurotin, Topamax, Gabitril |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Miscellaneous USES |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticonvulsants: Miscellaneous IMPS |
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Definition
| Not used often d/t lots of SEs |
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