Term
| risk fctrs for skin infection (2) |
|
Definition
inadequate blood supply
damage to skin allowing bacterial to penetrate |
|
|
Term
| most skin infections are caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normally not topical BUT
clindamycin, erythromycin, mupirocin (bactroban)
if really infected |
|
|
Term
| normal cause of carbuncles, foruncles, and folliculitis |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10-20% of pts undergo amputation of a 2nd limb within how much time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
augmentin - clavulanic acid
Am/Cl |
|
|
Term
osteomyelitis?
acute?
chronic? |
|
Definition
inflammation or infection in the bone marrow and surrounding bone
- several days to 1 week
- 10+ days, usually 1 month |
|
|
Term
| fingernail antifungal tx time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| toe nail antifungal tx time |
|
Definition
12 weeks
(twice as thick as fingers) |
|
|
Term
| drug used for vaginal yeast infections and has a drug interaction with antifungals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lice
1st and 2nd line therapy for head and body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diff b/w cream, oint, solutions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if things dont improve, return in how many days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triggers that cause dermatitis |
|
Definition
abrasions
allergens
contact derm
new clothing
*any irritation is a way for bugs to get in! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (coal tar smells so not 1st line tx but still used) |
|
|
Term
| meds that make acne worse (7) |
|
Definition
PIMPLES
phenytoin (seizures)
isoniazid (TB)
moisturizers
phenobarbital (seizures)
lithium
ethionamide
steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an effective acne tx? |
|
Definition
cleanse with gentle, oil free non drying agents
topical pharmacotherapy
systemic pharmacotherapy |
|
|
Term
| whats a good topical acne med? |
|
Definition
| tretinoiin gel/cream (retin A) |
|
|
Term
most common oral tx for acne
what about it |
|
Definition
doxycycline
inexpensive but most commonly used |
|
|
Term
| what is the risk when using clindamycin for acne? |
|
Definition
| diarrhea and risk of PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS |
|
|
Term
| whats the tx of choice for severe nodulocystic acne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a tx for moderate acne used with females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st line topical tx for psoriasis (4) |
|
Definition
keratolytics (salicylic acid)
corticosteroids
vitamin d analogs (Calcipotriene - Dovonex)
Tazarotene (Tazorac) |
|
|
Term
| 1st line systemic tx for psoriasis |
|
Definition
infiximab (remicade)
etanercept (enbrel)
adalimumab (Humira)
Alefacept (Amevive)
Efalizumah (Raptiva) |
|
|
Term
| whats a 2nd line system psoriasis tx that is teratogenic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in all 3 psoriasis phases, how does the skin look? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lukewarm water, NOT HOT!
avoid regular soap
decrease stress
cotton clothing |
|
|
Term
| when is absorption of drugs through skin increased? |
|
Definition
| when broke, inflamed, or thinner |
|
|
Term
| what enhances the depth of absorption through the skin? |
|
Definition
| if it hydrates skin thus preventing water loss |
|
|
Term
| ___ is slower and incomplete compared to drugs given by the ____ route |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when it optimal absorption for skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| children absorb ____ times more than adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| children younger than 12 should not be tx with what? |
|
Definition
| group 1 or 2 corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| pregnant and/or lactating women should avoid what topical txs? |
|
Definition
tretinoin
lindane
podophyllum |
|
|
Term
is there evidence based recommendations for topical corticosteroid use?
- how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you use a lower topical corticosteroid potency with? |
|
Definition
facial, eyelid, genitals
(more blood flow there) |
|
|
Term
topical corticosteroids directions for use
- chronic use? |
|
Definition
- discontinue as soon as possible
- monitor adverse effects and/or tachyphylaxis (rapid development of decreased response) |
|
|
Term
| ____ of a drug does not correlate with the potency of another cream, lotion, oints |
|
Definition
dose or %
(corticosteroid ppt) |
|
|
Term
immunosuppresive topical
- use
- risk
- 2nd line agent |
|
Definition
- short term and intermittent long term of mild to mod ATOPIC DERMATITIS (>2 y.o)
- black box for CA. also, FDA approved medication guide MUST be given to pt (new or refill!!!)
- 2nd line agent atopic dermatitis/eczema |
|
|
Term
what is the ONLY drug that is a topical abx (anti infective) used exclusively for topical infection?
- what does it tx? |
|
Definition
Mupirocin (Bactroban, Centany)
- Impetigo |
|
|
Term
what is the ONLY drug that is a topical abx (anti infective) used exclusively for topical infection?
- what does it tx? |
|
Definition
Mupirocin (Bactroban, Centany)
- Impetigo |
|
|
Term
| what topical abx is very good for most topical infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what topical abx is very good for most topical infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what should not be used for a topical infection?
why? |
|
Definition
topical steroid
- can impair ability to fight infection |
|
|
Term
| how long must tx be for antifungals? |
|
Definition
- enough for complete turnover of skin to occur
- may require maintenance therapy |
|
|
Term
topical tx for scabies (1st line)
- how do you use it?
- other drug? |
|
Definition
Permethrin 5% cream (elimite, actincin, nix)
- apply from the neck down, washed off 8-14 hrs later
- Ivermectin (Stromectol) oral single dose, kids and adults |
|
|
Term
1st line tx for pediculosis
- how to use |
|
Definition
Permethrin 1-5% (elmite, acticin, nix)
- apply and wash off after 10 mins |
|
|
Term
| who all do you tx for head lice and how? |
|
Definition
everyone in the house and sexual partners for body lice, clean the areas
**ALL TREATED AT THE SAME TIME |
|
|
Term
| topical abx for acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
| Benzoyl Peroxide (Desquam, Benzac, PanOxyl) |
|
|
Term
| what oral vit A drug is used when other therapy is unresponsive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teratogenicity of accutane requires females to do what? |
|
Definition
- TWO forms of contraception beginning 1 month prior and up to FOUR months after therapy ends
- must be a part of iPLEDGE program |
|
|
Term
| black box warning of accutane? |
|
Definition
| unusual and severe adverse effects of depression and suicide |
|
|
Term
| why do you add CL for gram + bacteria? |
|
Definition
| sensitive to B lactams and vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| does colonization cause disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are we running out of abx options? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abx are becoming _____ _____ in part due to _____ _____ and _____ ____ |
|
Definition
LESS AND LESS EFFECTIVE
OVER PRESCRIPTION
INAPPROPRIATE USE
****** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit cell wall synthesis***
(IN RED) |
|
|
Term
| what is a natural penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an extended spectrum abx |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin (amoxil) - oral |
|
|
Term
| what is an extended spectrum with B lactamase inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin/Clavulante (Augmentin) - oral |
|
|
Term
what abx do you use for impetigo
(penicillinase resistant penicillin) |
|
Definition
| dicloxacillin - every 6 hours |
|
|
Term
| what is an aminopenicillin developed to increase activity against gram neg organisms? (2) |
|
Definition
amoxicillin
amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) |
|
|
Term
| what does clavulonic acid do? |
|
Definition
| inhibits B lactamase but has no intrinsic anti microbial acitivty (so combo with amoxicillin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cefuroxime Axetil (Ceftin*) - oral
Ceftin and Mefoxin good anerobic - abd, pelvic, diabetic foot |
|
|
Term
3rd gen cephalosprin
what it does |
|
Definition
Ceftriazone (Rocephin) - parenteral
- crosses BBB |
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|
