Term
|
Definition
| Substances that cause developmental abnormalities. |
|
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Term
| What are the 5 factors that determine how drugs cross the placenta? |
|
Definition
1. Lipid solubility.
2. Molecular size.
3. Placental transporters.
4. Protein binding.
5. Placental and fetal drug metabolism. |
|
|
Term
| What drugs readily diffuse the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 3 pharmacodynamics of reproductive agents? |
|
Definition
1. Affects of drugs on reproductive tissues may be altered by endocrine environment.
2. Drug effects on other maternal tissues not changed significantly.
3. Physiologic context (CO and renal blood flow) may be altered. |
|
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Term
| What are the 5 FDA pregnancy categories? |
|
Definition
A. Studies show no fetal risk.
B. No fetal risk in animal studies; no assumed risk in humans.
C. Fetal risk in animal studies; weigh risk vs benefit.
D. Proven fetal risk; weigh risk vs. benefit if life threatening.
X. Proven fetal risk: risk > benefit; avoid in pregnancy. |
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Term
| The chronic use of opioids by mothers may be manifested as what at birth. |
|
Definition
| Birth with withdrawal symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| What is the average age of menarche? |
|
Definition
| Average age is 11.6 years. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The ceasing of menstruation when there is a failure to respond to gonadotropins secreted by anterior pituitary gland. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Hormones produced by the pituitary gland that stimulate the gonads. |
|
|
Term
| How does follicle stimulating hormones affect women and men? |
|
Definition
1. Women - Follicle development and conversion of androgens to estrogen.
2. Men - Spermatogenesis. |
|
|
Term
| What does luteinizing hormones do? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates androgen production in both men and women. |
|
|
Term
| How does estrogen and progestin affect men? |
|
Definition
1. Bone growth.
2. Spermatogenesis.
3. Behavior. |
|
|
Term
| How does estrogen and progestin affect women? |
|
Definition
1. Developmental effects.
2. Neuroendocrine actions.
3. Control ovulation.
4. Cyclic preparation of the reproductive tract for fertilization and implantation.
5. Major actions on mineral, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of estrogen and progestin? |
|
Definition
1. Contraception.
2. Menopausal hormone therapy. |
|
|
Term
| What is the therapeutic use of estrogen and progesterone-receptor antagonists? |
|
Definition
| It is anti-estrogen and is used to treat hormone responsive breast cancer and infertility. |
|
|
Term
| What is the therapeutic use of anti-progestin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most commonly prescribed oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
| Estrogen-Progestin combination products. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ways Estrogen-Progestin combination products affect the body? |
|
Definition
1. Suppress pituitary secretion of FSH & LH.
2. Create changes in the endometrium to make it less favorable for implantation of fertilized ovum.
3. Change quantity and viscosity of the cervical mucus to make it hostile to sperm. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 different types of Estrogen-Progestin combination BCPs? |
|
Definition
1. Monophasics.
2. Biphasics.
3. Triphasics.
4. Extended cycle BCP.
5. Continuous dose BCP.
6. 24 day active BCP. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 estrogen combination BCPs with drospirenone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What special thing does Yasmin do? |
|
Definition
| It reduces water retention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a new monophasic, 24 day active. |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things do you have to watch out for when taking estrogen combination BCPs with drospirenone? |
|
Definition
1. It may increase potassium levels.
2. Don't take it if you have kidney, liver, or adrenal disease. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 14 BCP contraindications? |
|
Definition
1. Pregnancy.
2. Breast feeding <6 weeks postpartum.
3. HTN 160/100.
4. Vascular disease.
5. Heavy smoking > 35 y/o.
6. Hx DVT,PE, or smoking.
7. Endometrial cancer.
8. Multi CV risk factors such as age, smoking, DM, HTN.
9. Ischemic/valve HD
10. Major surgery & prolonged immobilization.
11. Breast cancer < 5 yr.
12. Liver tumors, cirrhosis, active viral hepatitis.
13. Diabetic nephropathy/retinopathy/neuropathy.
14. Diabetes of > 20 years duration. |
|
|
Term
| How do progestin only BCPs work? |
|
Definition
| They work by altering cervical mucus and altering the endometrium to inhibit implantation. |
|
|
Term
| What are progestin only BCPs designed to decrease? |
|
Definition
| They are designed to decrease circulatory side effects. |
|
|
Term
| What do progestin only BCPs increase? |
|
Definition
| They increase the risk of pregnancy and break through bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| If progestin only BCPs are taken more than 3 hours late what do you do? |
|
Definition
| Use a back up contraception for 48 hours. |
|
|
Term
| How many progestin only BCPs are active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monophasics come in 21 and 28 tablet packs. How many in the 28 are active? |
|
Definition
| 21 are active, 7 are placebo which are used as a reminder that the pack is about to finish. |
|
|
Term
| What is the dosage info for combination BCPs? |
|
Definition
1. 1 tab daily at the same time.
2. For start:
- 1st Sunday after menstruation.
- Day 5 of menstrual cycle.
- Day 1 of menstrual cycle.
- 21 day regimen: restart after 7 day break.
- Quick start: any day of week if pregnancy R/O (backup method at least 7 days). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 things do you assess for with oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
1. Drug & herb use.
2. Baseline BP & weight.
3. Pregnancy status.
4. Hx of contraindications, esp. smoking & HTN. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 nursing diagnoses for oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
1. Deficient knowledge.
2. Noncompliance.
3. Risk for impaired liver function.
4. Nausea. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 dangerous side effects of oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
1. A = abdominal pain (severe).
2. C = chest pain or sob.
3. H = headaches (severe); dizziness, weakness, numbness, speech difficulties.
4. E = eye disorders.
5. S = severe leg pain or calf/thigh swelling. |
|
|
Term
| What is the average age of menopause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone replacement therapy should not be prescribed for what 2 things? |
|
Definition
1. Long term prevention of chronic diseases.
2. Osteoporosis. |
|
|
Term
| Hormone replacement therapy should be prescribed for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 male reproductive agents? |
|
Definition
1. Testosterone.
2. Anabolic steroids.
3. Drugs for sexual dysfunction. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 uses for testosterone? |
|
Definition
1. Hypogonadism.
2. Constitutional growth delay.
3. Tx of refractory anemias. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 10 side effects of testosterone? |
|
Definition
1. Abdominal pain.
2. Nausea.
3. Constipation.
4. Decreased or increased libido.
5. Insomnia.
6. Aggressive behavior.
7. Weakness.
8. Dizziness.
9. Pruritus.
10. Mouth soreness. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 11 adverse reactions of testosterone? |
|
Definition
1. Acne.
2. Masculinization.
3. Irregular menses.
4. Urinary urgency.
5. Gynecomastia.
6. Priapism.
7. Jaundice.
8. Allergic rx.
9. Sodium and water retention.
10. Depression.
11. Habituation. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 life threatening reactions for testosterone? |
|
Definition
1. Hepatic necrosis.
2. Hepatitis.
3. Hepatic tumors.
4. Respiratory distress. |
|
|
Term
| What are anabolic steroids? |
|
Definition
| They are testosterone derivatives that maximize anabolic effects and minimize androgenic effects. |
|
|
Term
| What do anabolic steroids increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anabolic steroids? |
|
Definition
| They are numerous and include water retention and cardiovascular damage. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of a drug class for sexual dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 example drugs of phospodiesterase inhibitors? |
|
Definition
1. Sildenafil (Viagra).
2. Tadalafil (Cialis). |
|
|
Term
| How does sildenafil (viagra) work? |
|
Definition
| It restores erectile response by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of cGMP in corpus cavernosa. |
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of action for sildenafil (viagra)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 contraindications of sildenafil (viagra)? |
|
Definition
| 1. Use of nitrates. 2. CHF. 3. Cardiomyopathy. 4. CAD. 5. Anatomic deformities. 6. Conditions predisposing to priapism. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 side effects of sildenafil (viagra)? |
|
Definition
| 1. Headache. 2. Flushing. 3. Dyspepsia. 4. Nasal congestion. 5. Diarrhea. *Report these promptly to HCP. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 rare side effects of sildenafil (viagra)? |
|
Definition
| 1. Blurred vision. 2. Photosensitivity. 3. Changes in color perception (esp. blue/green). 4. Urinary tract sx. |
|
|
Term
| For hormone therapy what 3 things are important to monitor? |
|
Definition
1. BP.
2. Vascular status.
3. Lipids. |
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