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pharm practice final exam
pharm practice final exam
69
Health Care
Professional
12/13/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Xalatan
Definition

Latanoprost is for open-angle glaucoma.  It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor.  It sometimes causes a brown pigmentation of the iris.  If unopened, it should be stored in the refridgerator.  After opening, refridgeration is not required.

 

 

Term
Lumigan
Definition
Bimatoprost is for open-angle glaucoma. It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor.  It may cause brown pigmentation in the iris.
Term
Travatan
Definition
Travaprost is for open-angle glaucoma.  It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor. It may cause a brown pigmentation in the iris.
Term
What is the difference b/t maintenance & acute (aka rescue) asthma medications?
Definition
Maintenance meds reduce inflammation (they are for prevention). They must be taken daily.  They will not provide quick relief.  Rescue meds treat acute asthma attacks or bronchospasms.
Term
Singulair
Definition
Montelukast is used for maintenance of asthma and allergic rhinitis.  It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that must be taken daily.
Term
Accolate
Definition
Zafirlukast is for maintenance of asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that must be taken on an empty stomach. Food will decrease absorption by 40%.
Term

Inhaled steroids are for TX of                 therapy of asthma/allergic rhinitis

 

Systemic steroids are for TX of                 therapy of asthma/allergic rhinitis

Definition

maintenance

 

acute

Term
Cortef, Cortenemia, Solu-Cortef
Definition
Hydrocortisone is an anti-inflammatory used for endocrine disorders and inflammatory disorders. Side effects include GI upset, N/V, & insomnia. Cushing's syndrome (rapid wt gain, moon face) may occur w/ long-term usage. 
Term
Deltasone
Definition
Prednisone is an anti-inflammatory used for short-term TX of allergic and inflammatory diseases (specifically respiratory).  Prednisone is metabolized to the biologically active prednisolone. (prednisolone, then, is used when the pt has hepatic insufficiency)
Term
Orapred
Definition
Prednisolone is a anti-inflammatory used for allergic and inflammatory diseases. Be cautious when dosing prednisolone due to the different concentrations that are available. They are often dosed mg/kg.  Grape flavor is available.
Term
Medrol, Solu-medrol
Definition
Methylprednisolone is an anti-inflammatory used for short-term TX of allergic & inflammatory diseases. It comes in form of a dosepak. The dosepak gives a burst of steroid; then, the doses taper off.
Term
Decadron
Definition
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory used for allergic & inflammatory diseases. Decadron has many dosage forms: dosepak, tablet, injectable, & oral soln.  Be careful with the oral soln, b/c it may be 1.0 mg/mL or 0.5 mg/mL.
Term
Celestone
Definition
Betamethasone is an anti-inflammatory used for allergic and inflammatory diseases. It is available in a topical cream, a topical foam, or multiple injectable salt forms.
Term
Azmacort
Definition
Triamcinolone is for the chronic TX of asthma.  After each use, it is important that the pt rinse out there mouth after use to prevent thrush. It has a built-in spacer device.
Term
Flonase
Definition
Fluticasonse is used for the chronic TX of asthma and allergic rhinitis.  This is not for PRN TX.
Term
Advair
Definition
Fluticasone/Salmeterol is a steroid/LAB2A combination. It can be used for the chronic TX of asthma or for the chronic TX of COPD w/ bronchitis. The 250/50 strength is specific for chronic TX of COPD pts w/ bronchitis. Be sure to tell the pt to rinse their mouth after each use.
Term
Pulmicort, Rhinocort AQ
Definition
Budesonide is the generic name for both medications.  It is a steroid.  Rhinocort AQ is for the TX of allergic rhinitis.  Pulmicort is for the chronic TX of asthma. Pulmicort is available as an inhaler and also as respules for a nebulizer. Be sure to tell pt to rinse their mouth w/ both of these medications.
Term
QVAR, Beconase AQ
Definition
Beclomethasone is the generic name.  QVAR is for chronic asthma. Beclonase AQ is for rhinitis. Be sure to tell pts to rinse their mouth after use.
Term
Nasonex, Elocon
Definition

Mometasone is available as a ung/crm/lotion (Elocon) or as an inhaler (nasonex).  Elocon is for dermatoses (a general term for any disease of the skin).  Nasonex is used for allergic rhinitis. 

Term
Florinef
Definition
Fludricortisone is a steroid used for replacement therapy in Addison's disease.  It's also used to minimize the development of hyperkalemia. MOA: it promotes increased Na reabsorption and K loss from the distal renal tubule. It is important, then, for fluid retention/edema to be monitored.
Term
Aldactone
Definition
Spironolactone is a K-sparing diuretic used for HTN.  It's also used for edema caused by CHF or cirrhosis.  MOA: It competes w/ aldosterone for receptors in the distal renal tubule, so it increases excretion of Na, Cl, & water while conserving K & hydrogen ions.
Term
Motrin
Definition
Ibuprofen is an NSAID used for pain and/or arthritis. It should be taken w/ food & w/o alcohol.
Term
Ansaid
Definition
Flurbiprofen is an NSAID used for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Term

Anaprox/Anaprox DS

 

 

Naprosyn/EC-Naprosyn

Definition
Naproxen sodium is used for moderate pain.  It has a faster peak than naproxen base.  Naproxen base is used for arthritic conditions, not acute pain.
Term
Indocin
Definition
Indomethacin is an NSAID used for RA, OA, & gout. It should always be taken with meals or after meals. There is an IV formulation that is used for patent ductus arteriosis.
Term
Feldene
Definition
Piroxicam is an NSAID used for arthritis.  It's advantage is that is has a long half-life of 50 hours.
Term
Mobic
Definition
Meloxicam is an NSAID used for osteoarthritis.
Term
Voltaren
Definition
Diclofenac is an NSAID used for arthritis
Term
Clinoril
Definition
Sulindac is a prodrug.  It is an NSAID used for arthritis.
Term
Lodine/XL
Definition
Etodolac is an NSAID used for minor pain or arthritis.
Term
Toradol
Definition
Ketorolac is an NSAID used for moderate to severe acute pain. It should never be used for more than 5 days to avoid side effects like ulcers & internal bleeding.
Term
Daypro
Definition

Oxaprozin is an NSAID used for RA or OA.

 

Try to look at the last 2 letters of Daypro (r & o) to remind you that Daypro is for RA & OA.

Term
Relafen
Definition
Nabumetone is a prodrug.  It is an NSAID used for OA/RA.
Term
Celebrex
Definition
Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor used for OA/RA. It is contraindicated in pts w/ sulfonamide allergies.
Term
Arthrotec
Definition
is a combination of diclofenac/misoprostol. The diclofenac is an NSAID for arthritis, & the misoprostol is a PGE1 analog that protect patients at high risk for NSAID-induced ulcers.  This drug is contraindicated in pregnant women.
Term
What are some narcotic counseling points?
Definition

Avoid alcohol use

Take w/ food or milk to lessen nausea

Take on schedule for chonic pain TX

Possible adverse effects are nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, &/or narcosis (unconsciousness).  Constipation may occur with long-term use.

Term
Darvocet-N
Definition
Propoxyphene/APAP is an opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for mild to moderate pain. No more than 6 Darvocet 100/650 per day.  Darvocet is a C IV.
Term
Lortab
Definition
Hydrocodone/APAP is a opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for moderate to moderately severe pain. Lortab is a C III.
Term
Vicoprofen
Definition
Hydrocodone/Ibuprofen is an opioid analgesic/NSAID combination drug used for acute pain (short-term); it is not indicated for chronic conditions.  It is a C III.
Term
MS Contin, MS IR
Definition
Morphine sulfate is a pure opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe chronic pain. MS contin is for sustained release.  MS IR is immediate release.  Constipation is to be expected.  Do not crush the tablet. MS is a C II.
Term
Oxycontin, Oxy IR
Definition
Oxycodone is a pure opioid analgesic for moderate to severe chronic pain. Oxycontin is the sustained release version; Oxy IR is immediate release.  Constipation is to be anticipated.  Do not crush the tablets.  Oxycodone is a C II.
Term
Percocet,  Percodan
Definition
Percocet is Oxycodone/APAP. Percodan is Oxycodone/aspirin.  This drug is used for moderate to moderately severe pain. If percocet is used, consider the max APAP limit.  If percodan is used, consider bleeding concerns.
Term
Tylenol W/ Codeine
Definition

Codeine/APAP is an opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for mild to moderate pain.  Tylenol #2 tabs (15/300)  Tylenol #3 tabs (30/300)

This drug is a C III.

Term
Ultram
Definition
Tramadol is an analgesic used for mild to moderately severe pain. It should not be taken w/ TCAs or SSRIs. In addition, it should not be given to pts who have a history of opioid addiction.
Term
Ultracet
Definition
Tramadol/APAP is used for short-term mgmt of acute pain. It shouldn't be given to pts taking TCAs or SSRIs. In addition, it shouldn't be given to pts w/ a prior history of opioid addiction.
Term
Duragesic
Definition
Fentanyl is a pure opioid analgesic used for chronic pain.  It comes in form of a patch. Doses > 50 mcg should only be given to opioid-tolerant patients.  So, no more than 25 mcg/day in opioid naive pts. An additional med may be required for acute pain relief.  Constipation must be anticipated.  Do not cut the patch.
Term
Demerol
Definition
Meperidine is a pure opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe chronic pain. It shouldn't be used in the elderly &/or in people w/ renal failure.  Constipation should be anticipated. There is a risk of seizures.  It is a C II.
Term
Stadol
Definition
Butorphanol is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic. The IV formulation is used for acute pain, & the nasal form is used for migraines. It shouldn't be used in opioid-dependent pts, b/c there is potential for physical withdrawal symptoms.  It is a C IV.
Term
Talwin NX
Definition
Talwin NX is a combination of Pentazocine & Naloxone.  Pentazocine is an opioid agonist/antagonist.  Naloxone is an opioid antagonist. The Naloxone is given to prevent abuse. Talwin is given as an oral tablet.  The naloxone has poor bioavailability, but Talwin NX cannot be given as IV, b/c the naloxone will block the petazocine. Talwin NX is a C IV.
Term
Neurontin
Definition
Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic.  It is used as adjunctive therapy in seizure disorders. It is also used for neuropathic pain. It is highly renally eliminated, so dosage adjustments should be made if the pt has renal impairment. Somnolence (sleepiness) is the main adverse effect. When starting this drug, the dose should be titrated.  Before stopping this drug sure, the dose should be tapered.
Term
Lyrica
Definition
Pregabalin is commonly used for neuropathic pain.  It can also be used as an adjunct for seizure disorders. The primary side effect is somnolence (sleepiness).  When starting this drug, the dose should be titrated.  When stopping this drug, the dose should be tapered.
Term
Tegretol/XR
Definition
Carbamazepine is primarily an antieleptic used for seizures. It also has an un-labeled use for neuropathic pain. It has many drug interactions. It induces its own metabolism.
Term
Nicoderm, nicorette, nicotrol
Definition
These are nicotine replacement products used for smoking cessation
Term
Chantix
Definition
Varenicline is used for smoking cessation.  The pt should plan their quit day.  The pharmacist should go over the dosing schedule w/ the pt. There are numerous side effects.
Term
Zyban
Definition
Buproprion is used for smoking cessation. The pt should plan their quit day, & the pharmacist should review the dosing schedule with the patient.
Term
Zofran
Definition
Ondansetron is a very expensive antiemetic used for chemotherapy-induced N/V. It is also used for prevention of PONV (post-operative)
Term
Phenergan
Definition
Promethazine is an antihistamine/antiemetic used to control N/V. Drowsiness is a common side effect. There is a black box warning saying this drug should not be given to children < than 2, b/c it can cause fatal respiratory depression.
Term
Compazine
Definition
Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is typically used for severe N/V.  It can also be used as an antipsychotic. Drowsiness is a common side effect. A person may experience abnormal muscle tone due to prolonged use or if they take excessive doses. Compazine comes in multiple dosage forms including SR spansules.
Term
Reglan
Definition
Metoclopramide is primarily an anti-emetic used for N/V.  It prevents N/V by inhibiting dopamine activity.  It's other indications are for diabetic gastroparesis & symptomatic GERD. When used for these indications, it should be taken 30 min ac. Drowsiness is a common side effect, & abnormal muscle tone may occur w/ prolonged use.
Term
Antivert
Definition
Meclizine is an antihistamine/antiemetic/antivertigo agent used for motion sickness/vestibular imbalance. Drowsiness & dry mouth are common side effects. Meclizine is available OTC as Bonine.
Term
Lomotil
Definition
Diphenolxylate/atropine is an adjunct in the mgmt of diarrhea.  If it's not effective w/in 48 hrs, the pt should d/c the drug. Common side effects are drowsiness and dry mouth.  Lomotil is a C V medication.  
Term
Imodium AD
Definition
Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal that is available OTC.  Dosing is done in accordance to stool frequency. The max OTC dose is 4 tabs/day.
Term

How do you use an MDI?

 

 

Definition

Shake inhaler for 5 seconds

If its your 1st time or you haven't used it in a while, spray it into the air 1st  

Sit up straight or stand & lift your chin

Take a few deep breaths & exhale slowly 

Seal your lips around mouth piece

Breathe in slowly & deeply

Simultaneously press down the canister

Continue to breathe in deeply 

Hold your breath for 10 seconds if you can

If you need another puff, wait 1 minute

 

 

Term

How do you use an inhaler w/ a spacer?

Definition

Shake inhaler for 5 seconds

If it's your first time or if you haven't used it in a while, spray it into the air first

Sit up straight or stand & lift your chin

Put the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the small end of the spacer

Seal your lips around the spacer tube

If the spacer comes w/ a mask, hold the mask around your face

Exhale normally, not forcefully

Press the button on the canister to release the medicine

Breath in slowly & deeply for 4-6 seconds

Hold your breath for 10 seconds if you can & repeat 2 or 3 times with the mouthpiece still in your mouth

If you need another puff, wait at least 30 seconds

 

 

 

Term

How do you use a Dry Powder Inhaler?

Definition

Load your dose

Turn your head to the right & exhale as much as you can

Seal your lips around the DPI

Breathe in deep & fast

Hold breath for 10 seconds

Slowly breathe out

If your dr told you to take more than 1 puff, wait 1 minute before each puff

Be sure to put your cap back on your DPI

Term
How do you use a spiriva handihaler?
Definition

Open the dust cap

Open the mouthpiece

Place a capsule in the center chamber

Close the mouthpiece until it clicks

Press the green button & release it to puncture the capsule

Breath out completely & be sure to never breathe into the mouthpiece

Breathe in slowly and deeply until your lungs are full (be sure you can hear the capsule vibrate)

Hold your breath as long as comfortably possible

Resume normal breathing

Take a couple more inhalations to ensure you received all of the medication

throw the capsule away

 

Term
How should you use ear drops?
Definition

Wash your hands

Don't touch your ear with the dropper

It would be best if someone else could do it for you

If the drops are in suspension form, shake them for 10 seconds

Lie on your side or tilt your head to the side

For adults, pull the earlobe up & back

For children, pull the earlobe down & back

Instill the prescribed # of drops

Keep your ear tilted for 2-5 minutes or insert a cotton plug

 

Term
How should eye drops be administered?
Definition

Wash your hands

Tilt your head back

Form a pouch with your lower eyelid

Don't touch the dropper to your eye

Look up before instilling the drop

Look down after instilling the drop for a few secnds

Gently close your eyes

Apply pressure to the inside corner of your eye for 3-5 minutes

If you have another type of eyedrop to be used, wait at least 5 minutes

Term
How should you administer an ophthalmic ointment?
Definition

Wash your hands

Warm the ung w/ your hands

When you first open the tube, squeeze out 1/4 inch, b/c it may be too dry

Tilt your head back

Form a pouch w/ your lower eyelid

Squeeze 1/4 to 1/2 inch into the eyelid using a sweeping motion

Close your eye & roll your eye around for a minute or two

You may have some blurry vision for a little while

If you have a different type of ung to use, wait about 10 minutes before applying it

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