Term
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Definition
| penicillin, ampicillin, unasyn, amoxicillin, augmentin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, zosyn |
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Term
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Definition
bind to penicillin binding protein (PBP) & inhibit cell wall syn, most pens are destroyed by beta-lactamase
- Covers Strep, and varying activity against other bact
- Adverse effects: rash- 10%, diarrhea- augmentin |
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Term
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Definition
| IV, IM, PO- pharyngitis, syphilis |
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Term
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Definition
| IV, PO- drug of choice (DOC) for ENTEROCOCCUS (in combo w/ gentamicin if a systemic infection) |
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Term
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Definition
( IV)- community- acquired pneumonia (CAP), intra abd infections, cellulites, diabetic foot infections, cat/human/dog bites
*sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, making this beta-lactamase stable |
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Term
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Definition
| PO- DOC for otitis, acute sinusitis, very good for enterococcus (works for strep & entero, but not staph) |
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Term
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Definition
| (PO)- 2nd line for otitis, oral follow-up for unasyn same applications as unasyn (clavulanate = beta-lactamase inhibitor) |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV, PO) beta-lactamase stable penicillin, anti-staph pen (has a narrow spectrum, only really used for staph) |
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Term
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Definition
| (PO)- preferred oral follow-up to beta-lactamase stable pen (oxacillin) only used for staph |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV)- extended spectrum pen, beta-lactamase stable d/t tazobactam anti-Pseudomonal activity nosocomial infections (used for hospital & serious infections), serious intra abd infections. |
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Term
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Definition
see penicillin’s (also same adverse effecs)
divided into gen that roughly desc relative activity against GPC vs. GNR , most have some activity against both stable in the presence of beta-lactamase but other nz & resistance mech exist to reduce effectiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| keflex, ancef, cefzil, rocephin, claforan, fortaz |
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Term
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Definition
| PO, treatment of S/SI, CAP, DFI *oral equivalent to ancef |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical prophylaxis, S/SI *IV equivalent to Keflex |
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Term
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Definition
| PO- 2nd line for otitis, CAP, S/SI, more effective against H. flu than keflex and ancef |
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Term
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Definition
| IV/IM- CAP, S/SI, MENINGITIS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IV- nosocomal, and ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL ACTIVITY |
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Term
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Definition
same as pens (adverse effects same as pens also)
Beta-lactamase stable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IV- CAP, S/SI, DFI, intra-abd infections (no anti-pseudomonal activity) binds to PBP in diff place than pen |
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Term
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Definition
| IV- ANTI-PSEUDOMONAS ACTIVITY, nosocomial infections, severe intra-abd infections (reserve for pseudomonas or resistant infections) *may cause seizures in ptnts w/ meningitis or reduced renal funct |
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Term
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Definition
| same as pens, adverse effects same too |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL ACTIVITY, nosocomal infections, ONLY GRAM - ACTIVITY must be paired w/ a gram + for complete therapy *resistence d/t enzymatic degradation |
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Term
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Definition
(IV only, PO for GI decontamination) binds irreversibly to 30S sub-unit of bact ribosome’s (inhibiting protein synthesis) primarily for inptnt use, treatment for gram (-) anaerobic organisms, synergistic w/ beta-lactamase antib & vanco for selected gram (+) organisms, resistance dev d/t changes in ribosome’s or drug-modifying nz’s
*adverse effects inc renal toxicity, & odotoxicity (irreversible deafness, balance prob & ringing)
*these & vanco are the only 2 that you can do serum levels on (narrow therapeutic index)
*doses based on ptnts wt and renal funct |
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Term
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Definition
| gentamycin, tobramycin and amkin |
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Term
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Definition
| sepsis, pneumonia, wounds intra-abd, GI S/SI |
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Term
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Definition
| same as gent, infections resistant to gent, 1ST LINE FOR PSEUDOMONAS, paired w/ another agent |
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Term
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Definition
| same as for gent and tobra, last line of aminoglycosides RESERVED FOR RESISTANT ORGANISMS |
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Term
| peak and troughs for aminoglycosides |
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Definition
peak: gent/tobra = 7-10 mcg/ml
amkin = 25-30 mcg/ml
trough: gent/tobra = <1 mcg/ml
amkin = <5 mcg/ml |
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Term
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Definition
binds to 50S ribosome- staph, strep, atypical, H. flu resistance dev d/t antib pumps or changes to ribosome
*adverse effects- nausea, vomiting , diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| zithromax, biaxin and erythromycin |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV,PO) outptnt for CAP, otitis, STDs, inptnt w/ cephalosporin for CAP or alone (IV) |
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Term
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Definition
| (PO) outptnt for CAP, S/SI, peptic ulcer disease and SINUSITIS (tastes offal) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(IV/PO) binds to 50S ribosome, in or out ptnt for S/SI, toxic shock synd, early DFI, aspiration pneumonia (w/ drug for GNR) resistance dev d/t changes in ribosome’s
*only covers gram (+) cocci and anaerobes
*adverse effects = GI complications (nausea) esp w/ PO, PO causes antib assoc colitis |
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Term
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Definition
bind to PBP, gram (+) organisms, surgery prophylaxis in cephalosporin- allergic ptnts, serious or resistant gram (+) infections, MRSA/MRSE alternate for antib assoc colitis
*resistance mounting d/t changes in PBP or inc cell wall thickness
*adverse effects: red man’s synd, same as Aminoglycosides (odotoxicity, renal toxicity) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IV-synthetic, PO-GI only (doesn't get absorbed) IV and PO are not interchangable |
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Term
| dosing considerations for vancomycin |
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Definition
10-15mg/kg/dose
interval based or CrCL
target trough = 10-20 mcg/ml |
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Term
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Definition
block folic acid syn, 3 day therapy for UTI, alternative treatment for S/SI, works for MRSA (esp CA-MRSA) *resistance dev d/t changes in folic acid metabolism
*adverse effects: cause rashes; can cause Steven Johnson synd, photosensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bind to DNA gyrase (the nz responsible for uncoiling DNA) DO NOT USE UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY
*resistance dev d/t changes in DNA gyrase
*adverse effects: all cause jt pain, contraindicated for children, DO NOT USE IN PREGNANT WOMEN UNLESS YOU HAVE TO! |
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Term
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Definition
| Cipro, levaquin, mocifloxacin |
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Term
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Definition
(IV,PO)- primarily for Gram (-) infections, nosocomial infections, pseudomonas (usually in combo) 3-day for uncomplicated UTI, intra-abd infections, prophylaxis or treatment in allergic ptnts
*best against pseudomonas, only use if allergies, suspect resistance, or failed previous |
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Term
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Definition
| alternate for in or out ptnt treatment of CAP, other resp infections, S/SI, UTI, infections unresponsive to other antibs |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV, PO)- same as Levaquin except not UTI, and no pseudomonas coverage |
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Term
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Definition
bind to 30S ribosome, in or out ptnt of CAP, cat bite, STD, acne, alternate for MRSA,
*resistance dev d/t changes in ribosome
*adverse effects: not for ages 7 and younger, b/c it binds to Ca, causes discoloration in teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| doxycycline and tigecycline |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV, PO)- PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), MRSA, CAP |
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Term
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Definition
| (IV only)- severe CA or nosocomial infections (not bacteremia/sepsis) b/c goes into tissues, doesn’t stay in bld. Esp polymicrobial infections |
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Term
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Definition
inhibits protein syn at the ribosome, covers GP organisms inc many that are resistant to other antib like vanco
*resistance dev d/t changes in ribosome
*adverse effects: causes photosensitivity, check CBC weekly b/c can cause any type of anemia, neuropathy (pins and needles)
* must be taken w/ B6 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (IV/PO)- limited role, but very imp drug treatment of GP infections that are resistant (MRS, enterococcus) |
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Term
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Definition
(IV,PO)- reduced in bact mitochondria, binds to DNA and inhibits nucleic acid syn, inptnt treatment for intra-abd infections, some STDs, PO or IV for antib assoc colitis,
*only for anaerobes
*adverse effects: unbearable taste, interacts with ethanol |
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Term
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Definition
staph/strep/anaerobes
mild = augmentin (po)
severe = unasyn (IV)
alt = clinda + bactrim or clinda = FQ |
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Term
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Definition
pasteuella/staph
augmentin, doxycycline |
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Term
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Definition
pasteuella, staph or anaerobes
augmentin, clinda + bactrim, clinda + FQ |
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Term
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Definition
staph/strep
augmentin, cephalexin, Dicloxacillin, clindamycin; IV equivalent if severe |
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Term
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Definition
staph/strep (shallow)- see cellulites
staph/strep/GNR/anaerobes (deep)- Unasyn, clinda + Bactrim, clinda + FQ, ertapenem |
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Term
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Definition
3 days and 7-10 days (same)
E. coli, other GNR, staph
Bactrim, Cipro or levaqui, Macrodantin |
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Term
| UTI inptnt/pyelonephritis |
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Definition
E. coli, other GNR, staph
IV FQ, amp + gent, rocephin |
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Term
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Definition
viruses, pneumococcus, H. flu (smokers), mycolasma
zithromax, biaxin, augmentin, cefzil, Levo or moxi |
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Term
| lungs- admitted to hospital |
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Definition
pneumococcus, H. flu, mycoplasma
rocephin +zithromax/biaxin, levo/moxi,
ertapenem + zithromax/biaxin |
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Term
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Definition
mouth flora
unasyn, zosyn, rocephin + flagyl |
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Term
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Definition
pneumococcus, H. flu, pseudomonas
zosyn + cipro,
zosyn + tobra,
imipenem + cipro,
imipenem + tobra other double-coverage regimens |
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Term
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Definition
staph/strep
IV oxacillin
rosephin
vanco or linezolid (if MRSA) |
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Term
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Definition
pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. flu
rocephin or claforin plus rifampin and vancomycin
Dexamethasone as anti-inflam |
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Term
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Definition
| AMOX, augmentin, cefzil,zithromax/biaxin |
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