Term
| the great advantage of local anesthesia, compared with inhalation anesthesia, is that ______ |
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Definition
| pain can be suppressed without causing generalized depression of the entire nervous system |
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Term
| how do local anesthetics work? |
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Definition
| local anesthetics stop axonal conduction by blocking sodium channels in the axonal membrane, thereby bringing conduction to a halt |
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Term
| the two major groups of local anesthetics are: |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the order in which sensation is lost when local anesthesia is used? |
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Definition
| perception of pain is lost first, followed in order by perception of cold, warmth, touch, and deep pressure |
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Term
| effects of local anesthetics are not limited to ____ neurons. They also block ____ neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| local anesthetics are frequently administered in combination with a vasoconstrictor, usually _____. The benefits of the vasoconstrictor include ____ and _____ |
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Definition
| epinephrine; prolonged anesthesia, reduced risk of toxicity |
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Term
| If necessary, excessive excitation during the excitation phase of local anesthetic administration can be treated with ____ or ____ |
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Definition
| IV benzodiazepine, IV thiopental |
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Term
| ______ anesthesia is achieved by injecting a local anesthetic within the epidural space. ____ and ____ are popular drugs used for this type of anesthesia |
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Definition
| epidural, lidocaine, bupivacaine |
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Term
| the most significant adverse effect of spinal anesthesia is _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| how can spinal headaches be relieved? |
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Definition
| by having the patient assume a supine position |
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