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Pharm Midterm
GI drugs
30
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/29/2010

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Cards

Term
the major aggressive factors in the development of peptic ulcers include _____, _____, _____, & _____.
Definition
helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, gastric acid and pepsin
Term
how do NSAIDs and aspirin cause peptic ulcers
Definition
they inhibit the biosynthesis of prostagladins. As a result, they decrease submucosal blood flow, suppress secretions of mucus and bicarbonate, and promote secretion of gastric acid.
Term
The microbe associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease is ____.
Definition
H. pylori
Term
_______ and ______ are the preferred options for prophylaxis of NSAID-included ulcers.
Definition
misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors
Term
The antibiotics used most often in the treatment of H. pylori are _____,_____, _____, _____, & _____,
Definition
amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline
Term
nurses should teach patients that bismuth can impart a _________ to the tongue and stool
Definition
harmless black color
Term
ranitidine differs from cimetidine in that ranitidine ___________.
Definition
is more potent than cimetidine, produces fewer adverse effects, and causes fewer drug interactions
Term
administration of ________ results in a viscid and very sticky gel that adheres to the ulcer crater, creating a barrier to back-diffusion of hydrogen ions, pepsin, and bile salts
Definition
sucralfate
Term
omeprazole is approved for short-term therapy of ____, ____, _____, and ______
Definition
duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and GERD
Term
misoprostol is contraindicated during _________ because it stimulates _____
Definition
pregnancy, uterine contractions
Term
laxatives are used to____, ______,_____ and _____.
Definition
soften stool, increase stool volume, hasten fecal passage, and evacuate from rectum
Term
the term _____ refers to production of a soft, formed stool over a period of 1 or more days, and the term ______ refers to prompt fluid evacuation of the bowels
Definition
laxative, catharsis
Term
constipation is defined more by _____ than by ________
Definition
stool consistency, how often
Term
laxatives must be avoided by ______
Definition
individuals experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, cramps, symptoms of appendicitis, regional enteritis, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, acute surgical abdomen, presence of fecal impaction, or bowel obstruction, and by individuals who habitually take them to treat constipation
Term
laxatives are classified in four major categories:
Definition
bulk-forming, surfactant, stimulant, and osmotic
Term
_____ alter stool consistency by lowerin surface tension, which facilitates penetration of water into the feces
Definition
surfactants
Term
__________ is the only stimulant laxative that acts on the small intestine
Definition
castor oil
Term
_______ can cause substantial water loss
Definition
osmotic laxatives
Term
excessive dosing of mineral oil can decrease the absorption of ________
Definition
fat soluble vitamins
Term
in addition to laxative use, lactulose can__________
Definition
enhance intestinal excretion of ammonia
Term
the ______________ are the most effective drugs available for suppressing nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin and similar drugs
Definition
serotonin receptor anatagonists
Term
the most common side effects of ondansetron include _____,___,& _____
Definition
headache, diarrhea, and dizziness
Term
how do glucocorticoids suppress emesis
Definition
the mechanism is unknown
Term
what are the three principal benefits of lorazepam
Definition
sedation, suppression of anticipatory emesis, and production of anterograde amnesia
Term
two cannabinoids_______ and ________ are approved for medical use in the US
Definition
dronabinol (marinol) and nabilone (sesamet)
Term
_________ is the most effective drug for prevention and treatment of motion sickness
Definition
scopolamine
Term
________ are the most effective antidiarrheal agents. They work by __________________
Definition
opioid, activating opioid receptors in GI tract, decrease intestinal motility and slowing intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
Term
three drugs approved for IBS are:
Definition
alosetron, lubiprostone, and tegaserod
Term
prokinetic agents increase the _____ and ______ of the GI tract
Definition
tone, motility
Term
drugs used to dissolve gallstones include:
Definition
chenodoil and ursodiol
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