Term
| the major aggressive factors in the development of peptic ulcers include _____, _____, _____, & _____. |
|
Definition
| helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, gastric acid and pepsin |
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|
Term
| how do NSAIDs and aspirin cause peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
| they inhibit the biosynthesis of prostagladins. As a result, they decrease submucosal blood flow, suppress secretions of mucus and bicarbonate, and promote secretion of gastric acid. |
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|
Term
| The microbe associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease is ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and ______ are the preferred options for prophylaxis of NSAID-included ulcers. |
|
Definition
| misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors |
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Term
| The antibiotics used most often in the treatment of H. pylori are _____,_____, _____, _____, & _____, |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline |
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Term
| nurses should teach patients that bismuth can impart a _________ to the tongue and stool |
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Definition
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Term
| ranitidine differs from cimetidine in that ranitidine ___________. |
|
Definition
| is more potent than cimetidine, produces fewer adverse effects, and causes fewer drug interactions |
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|
Term
| administration of ________ results in a viscid and very sticky gel that adheres to the ulcer crater, creating a barrier to back-diffusion of hydrogen ions, pepsin, and bile salts |
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Definition
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Term
| omeprazole is approved for short-term therapy of ____, ____, _____, and ______ |
|
Definition
| duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and GERD |
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|
Term
| misoprostol is contraindicated during _________ because it stimulates _____ |
|
Definition
| pregnancy, uterine contractions |
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|
Term
| laxatives are used to____, ______,_____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| soften stool, increase stool volume, hasten fecal passage, and evacuate from rectum |
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|
Term
| the term _____ refers to production of a soft, formed stool over a period of 1 or more days, and the term ______ refers to prompt fluid evacuation of the bowels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| constipation is defined more by _____ than by ________ |
|
Definition
| stool consistency, how often |
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|
Term
| laxatives must be avoided by ______ |
|
Definition
| individuals experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, cramps, symptoms of appendicitis, regional enteritis, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, acute surgical abdomen, presence of fecal impaction, or bowel obstruction, and by individuals who habitually take them to treat constipation |
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|
Term
| laxatives are classified in four major categories: |
|
Definition
| bulk-forming, surfactant, stimulant, and osmotic |
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Term
| _____ alter stool consistency by lowerin surface tension, which facilitates penetration of water into the feces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __________ is the only stimulant laxative that acts on the small intestine |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ can cause substantial water loss |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| excessive dosing of mineral oil can decrease the absorption of ________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in addition to laxative use, lactulose can__________ |
|
Definition
| enhance intestinal excretion of ammonia |
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|
Term
| the ______________ are the most effective drugs available for suppressing nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin and similar drugs |
|
Definition
| serotonin receptor anatagonists |
|
|
Term
| the most common side effects of ondansetron include _____,___,& _____ |
|
Definition
| headache, diarrhea, and dizziness |
|
|
Term
| how do glucocorticoids suppress emesis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what are the three principal benefits of lorazepam |
|
Definition
| sedation, suppression of anticipatory emesis, and production of anterograde amnesia |
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|
Term
| two cannabinoids_______ and ________ are approved for medical use in the US |
|
Definition
| dronabinol (marinol) and nabilone (sesamet) |
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|
Term
| _________ is the most effective drug for prevention and treatment of motion sickness |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ________ are the most effective antidiarrheal agents. They work by __________________ |
|
Definition
| opioid, activating opioid receptors in GI tract, decrease intestinal motility and slowing intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes |
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|
Term
| three drugs approved for IBS are: |
|
Definition
| alosetron, lubiprostone, and tegaserod |
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|
Term
| prokinetic agents increase the _____ and ______ of the GI tract |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| drugs used to dissolve gallstones include: |
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Definition
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