Term
| Which drug is similar to Imipenem? (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is a broad spectrum anti-biotic that is used to treat infections caused by enterobacter, drug resistant Klebsiella, Psuedomonas, enterococci, anaerobes, but cannot be used for VRE or MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are relatively resistant to the actions of B-lactamases? |
|
Definition
| Methicillin, Aztreonam and Imipenem |
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including seizures at high serum levels, GI upset, allergic reactions (rash)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can aztreonam be used in PCN-allergic pts? |
|
Definition
| Yes, there is not a cross-allergen |
|
|
Term
| What is the DOC for Klebsiella infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug do you use in combo with Imipenem to keep it potent in the renal tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat gram negative rods like Klebsiella, Psuedomonas, and Serratia, but has no effectiveness against gram-pos bugs or anaerobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug can elevate LFTs, and cause GI upset and skin rash, but is not a cross-allergen to PCN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is best used to treat patients with a gram-neg infection, who are renally compromised? |
|
Definition
| Aztreonam; CANNOT use aminoglycosides in pts with renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with a hx of urinary tract infections that were caused by drug-resistant Klebsiella and Serratia, what med should you use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are similar to Piperacillin? (2) |
|
Definition
| Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas and gram-neg rods (Klebsiella), but is susceptible to beta-lactamase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE of Piperacillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which B-Lactam drugs are sensitive to the activity of B-Lactamase? |
|
Definition
| PCN, Ampicillin, and Piperacillin |
|
|
Term
| What drug is often added to Piperacillin to inactivate bacterial B-lactamase to broaden its spectrum of coverage against gram-neg organisms and S. aureus infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A s/p burn pt presents with a fever, low BP and oozing purulent d/c from his wound. If the wound is cultured and Pseudomonas, what drug is used to treat this pt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are similar to Methicillin? (3) |
|
Definition
| Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat S. aureus, but is inactive against enterococci, anaerobic bacteria, and gram-neg organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug has SE including interstitial nephritis and allergic reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an IV drug-user presents with suspected osteomyelitis in his spine and a culture reveals S. aureus, what med should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the problem with using Methicillin against S. aureus? |
|
Definition
| S. aureus has become resistant to Methicillin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat syphillis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including Allergic reactions, and hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt presents complaining of a penile lesion with a central ulceration and a firm border, that is not painful. He has a hx of unprotected sexual intercourse and has enlarged lymphnodes in the inguinal region. What antibiotics should you empirically treat him with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is similar to Ampicillin? (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat H. influenzae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is used in combo with Ampicillin or Amoxicillin to inactivate bacterial B-lactamases and to broaden their spectrum against gram-neg organisms? |
|
Definition
| Clavulanic acid and sulbactam |
|
|
Term
| Which drug has a SE including a non-allergic skin rash, diarrhea and an allergic reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug would you use for a pt complaining of severe sinus congestion with green purulent d/c and a fever, if you suspect the cause of the infection to be Pneumococcus, H. influenzae or Moraxella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are similar to Tetracycline? (3) |
|
Definition
| Doxycycline, Minocycline and Demeclocycline |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline or Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat Rocky Mtn Spotted fever, Lyme Disease, cholera, chlamydia or rickettsial infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including teeth discoloration and bone deformity in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug can cause Fanconi syndrome (aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, acidosis, and glycosuria) as well as photosensitivity, dizziness and GI upset? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Fanconi syndrome? |
|
Definition
| A SE of tetracycline that is a collection of symptoms including aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, acidosis and glycosuria |
|
|
Term
| What should be avoided when using drugs in the tetracycline family? |
|
Definition
| Milk, antacids, or iron containing substances |
|
|
Term
| In addition to being used to treat bacterial infections, which anti-biotic can be used to treat SIADH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 32 y/o pt presents with c/o a maculopapular rash that presented the day after she was gardening. She was diagnosed with Lyme disease 1 week ago and was given a med to treat the illness, what drug can be used to treat lyme disease and has a SE of photosensitivity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are considered macrolides? |
|
Definition
| Erythromycin, Clarithomycin, and Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat syphillis in pts who are allergic to PCN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are effective against Corneybacterium, Bordetella pertussis, and Bartonella henselae? |
|
Definition
| Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat URI (Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia)? |
|
Definition
| Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithomycin, & azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug causes GI upset, acute cholestatic hepatitis, skin rash and eosinophilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Due to Erythromycins' inducement of the CYP-450 system, which drugs can have increased serum levels that can lead to toxicity? |
|
Definition
| Warfarin, Theophyllin, and Cyclosporine |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat diptheria, and infections caused by gram-pos cocci in PCN allergic pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug covers the MC causes of adult community acquired pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat severe anaerobic infections above the diaphragm including aspiration pneumonia and lung abscesses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to prophylactically treat pts with valvular heart disease to prevent endocarditis before dental procedures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including pseudomembranous colitis, impaired liver function, N/D and skin rashes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt presents with a tooth abscess, which antibiotic would be most effective against mouth flora (anaerobes and gram-pos organisms)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are aminoglycosides? (5) |
|
Definition
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Amikacin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity? What coconcurrent drug use can worsen these SE? |
|
Definition
Gentamycin
Ototoxicity can be worsened with loop diuretics
Nephrotoxicity can be worsened with cephalosporin use |
|
|
Term
| Which drug should be used to treat a severe gram-neg rod infection such as sepsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to prep for bowel surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used in combo to treat acute bacterial endocarditis (S. aureus)? |
|
Definition
| Gentamycin and Vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used as part of a tuberculosis regimen and also used to treat tularemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are aminoglycosides used in anaerobic infections? |
|
Definition
| NO, they are ineffective against anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| A pt presents with a fever, splinter hemorrhages, and a loud systolic murmur. His hx includes mitral regurgitation and a recent visit to the dentist. Which anti-biotics would be used to treat his condition? What MUST be monitored during his treatment? |
|
Definition
| Gentamycin and Vancomycin; Renal Function must be monitored |
|
|
Term
| Is there a cross-sensitivity between PCN allergies and Cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| Yes, 10% of pts with PCN allergies will have similar reactions to Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is usually used for surgical prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
| 1st Generation Cephlosporins: Cefazolin (Ancef), Cephalexin (Keflex), Cefadroxil (Duricef) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat sinusitis and otitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat serious gram-neg infections? |
|
Definition
3rd Generation Cephalosporins:
Cefotaxime (Claforan)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Ceftazidime (Fortaz)
Cefdinir (Omnicef)
Cefixime (Suprax)
Ceftibuten (Cedax) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat serious gram-neg infections (ie Meningitis) as well as some gram pos protection (ie S. aureus and S. pneumo)? |
|
Definition
| 4th Generation Cephalosporin: Cefepime (Maxipime) |
|
|
Term
| Which med has SE including a hypersensitivity rxn in pts with a PCN allergy and a disulfram-like reaction with ethanol as well as nephrotoxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt presents with c/o N/V, flushing and HA. He was at a local bar and had 1 beer, and then the symptoms began. His PMH includes a dx of cellulitis for which he began an antibiotic regimen 5 days ago. Which anti-biotic drug would cause this pts reaction? |
|
Definition
| Cephaosporins (esp Cefamandole, Cefotetan & Cefoperazone) can cause this disulfram-like reaction with ethanol consumption |
|
|
Term
| Are cephalosporins B-lactamase resistant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are in the sulfonamide category? |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), Sulfisoxazole, Sulfamethizole, Sulfadoxine, Sulfadiazine |
|
|
Term
| What do the sulfonamides target? |
|
Definition
| folic acid production in the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat UTIs caused by E.Coli? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat P. carinii pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat ocular chlamydial infections? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is effective against the Nocardia sp? |
|
Definition
| Sulfadiazine, TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can cause allergic rxtn symptoms including SJS, hemolytic anemia, kernicterus in newborns, nephrotoxicity, and granulocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| An HIV pos male presents with c/o cough, SOB on exertion and fever x 2 weeks. On physical exam there are diffuse rhonchi present bilaterally and chest x-ray confirms infiltrate pattern consistent with P. Carinii pneumonia. What drug should be used to treat this pt? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs cause bacterial cell breakage of DNA and cell death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used to treat UTIs, Respiratory Tract Infections (pneumonias), gonococcal infections and GI infections? |
|
Definition
| Flouroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Which flouroquinolones have extended coverage including gram-neg and increased activity against some gram-pos species? |
|
Definition
| Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including tendonitis and tendon rupture, as well as GI upset, HA, dizziness and skin rash? |
|
Definition
| Ciprofloxacin (Flouroquinolones) |
|
|
Term
| In which pts are flouroquinolones contraindicated in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used to treat recurrent UTI infections and has SE including hemolytic anemia (in G6PD-deficient pts), GI upset, neuropathy, and pulmonary fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A diabetic pt presents with a UTI that when cultured out yields E. coli, what is the appropriate therapy for this pt? |
|
Definition
| Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, a major component of mycobacterial cell walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid/Rifampin/Ethambutol/Pyrazinamide |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be used in the prophylaxis against active TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including peripheral neuropathy, drug-induced lupus, hepatitis, and G6PD-deficient hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the SE of peripheral neuropathy be prevented in pts taking Isoniazid? |
|
Definition
| pyridoxine or Vitamin B6 is given |
|
|
Term
| A pt arrives from south america and reports to your clinic for a physical. Her grandmother, was hospitalized with a fever, chills and a productive cough that a culture returned as acid-fast bacteria. What med should you give to your pt as a prophylaxis against the bacteria that her grandmother was infected with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug leads to a decrease in RNA synthesis in bacterial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used to treat leprosy? |
|
Definition
| Rifampin/Dapsone/Clofazimine |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used as a prophylaxis for pts who have come in contact with people who have been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis and H. influenzae type B infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used as a part of a combo treatment for prothetic valve endocarditis and osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including harmless orange discoloration of urine and sweat, hepatitis, nephritis and thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Rifampin affect other drugs metabolized in the liver? |
|
Definition
| It is an inducer of the CYP-450 system meaning it decreases the concentration of several other drugs including OCs, Warfarin, Prednisone, ketoconazole, digoxin and glyburide |
|
|
Term
| A pt presents with fever, chills and a productive cough. The pts PPD test came back pos and the CXR showed a lesion in the Rt upper lobe. Which med in the regimen of drugs used to treat TB would cause the pt to have orange urine as a SE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug cause bacterial DNA, protein, and membrane damage that leads to bacterial cell death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including metallic taste, HA and disulfiram-like effect with ethanol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is active against protozoans (Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, and Gardenella vaginalis)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat Giardiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat Trichomaniasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat Entamoeba histolytica infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat C. difficile colitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used in combo with bismuth & amoxicillin (or tetracycline) to treat H. pylori infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt who just returned 5 days ago from a backpacking trip, presents to the clinic with c/o watery, non-bloody diarrhea since her return home. Although she denies any strange food consumption she does admit to drinking from the spring water streams on her trip. While you await the return of your stool cultures, what drug should you empirically treat your pt with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug leads to weakened peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall, which leads to cell damage and lysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used in the treatment of serious gram-pos multi-drug resistant infections including MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug has SE including "red man syndrome", nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and injection site irritation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the SE of "red man syndrome" with the administration of Vancomycin be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Rxtn can be prevented with simultaneous administration of anti-histamine at a slow-infusion rate |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat gram-neg rod infections of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used in combo to treat Mycobacterium leprae Multibacillary? |
|
Definition
| DAP (Dapsone), rifampin and Clofazimine |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used as a prophylaxis against a P. carinii infection in HIV pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which med has a SE including Retrobulbar neuritis that results in decreased visual acuity and red-green color blindness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat diabetic foot ulcers and MRSA? |
|
Definition
| 5th Generation Cephalosporin (Ceftobiprole medocaril) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used to treat P. carinii Pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) |
|
|
