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Pharm II
Endocrine Diabetes Part II
34
Pharmacology
Graduate
10/29/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
MOA of incretins - GLP-1 agonists
Definition
peptide hormones (incretins) released from cells in the GI in reponse to food
Term
Glucagon - like Peptide -1 (GLP-1)
Definition

potentiates insulin secretion

inhibits secretion of glucagon

slows gastric emptying

promotes satiety

Term
In patients with diabetes the use of ____ results in modest lowering of fasting glucose and marked reduction of postprandial levels
Definition
incretins - GLP-1 agonists
Term
Approved by the FDA as adjuctive therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes who have not achieved optimal glycemic control on metformin, a sulfonylurea, such as glyburide or both
Definition

GLP - 1 agonist (incretin mimetic)

exenatide

liraglutide

Term
____ GLP - 1 agonist is not indicated for use with insulin
Definition
exenatide
Term
MOA of exenatide and Liraglutide
Definition

promotes insulin release

suppresses postprandial plasma glucagon

slows gastric emptying

increases satiety

Term
Exenatide and Liraglutide administration
Definition

can't give orally because they are peptides

injection, subq

Term
Adverse effects of exenatide and liraglutide
Definition

hypoglycemia

NVD

acute pancreatitis in patients with diabetes

Term
Can Exenatide and Liraglutide be given to pregnant women
Definition

teratogen

Category 3

Term
slows gastric emptying; can decrease the rate and extent of absorption of other drugs
Definition
exenatide and liraglutide
Term
oral drugs, particularly antibiotics and contraceptives, should be taken at least one hour before injecting _____
Definition
exenatide
Term
inactivates incretin hormones
Definition
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)
Term
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) drugs
Definition

Sitagliptin (prototype)

alogliptin

lingagliptin

saxagliptin

Term
inhibits DPP-IV and results in an increase amount of active incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), reduced release of glucagon, and increase release of insulin to restore blood glucose levels towards normal
Definition
Sitagliptin (and all other gliptins)
Term
stuffed nose, sore throat, HA, stomach pain, pancreatitis, diarrhea
Definition
AE of sitagliptin
Term
both GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors ahve been linked to ____
Definition
acute pancreatitis
Term
approval delayed by the FDA becuase of a possible increased risk of bladder cancer
Definition
Dapagliflozin
Term
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor
Definition

canagliflozin

dapagliflozin

empagliflozen

Term
transports filtered glucose from the proximal renal tubule into tubular epithelial cells
Definition
SGLT2
Term
inhibition reduces resorption of glucose in the kidney, resulting in increased urinary glucose excretion, with a consequent lowering of plasma glucose levels as well as weight loss
Definition
SGLT2
Term
can SGLT2's be given to pregnany women?
Definition
classified as category C
Term
Frequent mycotic genital infections in both women and men and a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with ___ may limit their use
Definition
dapagliflozin
Term
HbA1c about 7% - treat with
Definition
therapeutic lifestyle changes
Term
HbAlc 7-8% - treat with
Definition
a single oral agent will probably work
Term

type 2 diabetes

HbA1C 9-10% treat with

Definition

two or more agents will probably be needed 

(metformin and one of the others)

Term
DOC for treating type 2 diabetes if tolerable
Definition
metformin
Term
With metformin, if needed what can be added
Definition

a sulfonylurea, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, or possibly a DPP-4 inhibitor

Insulin- if HbA1C not controlled

Term
In the elderly, along with metformed also...
Definition

SU or Meglitinides or alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

(risk of hypoglycemia may be > in the elderly w/ SU than the other two classes)

can add or substitute insulin

Term
_____ is considered the only acceptable pharmacologic therapy during pregnancy in the US and diabetes
Definition
regular insulin
Term
The most important time to have tight glucose control is the...
Definition
first 2 months of pregnancy during organogensis
Term
Oral agents are not used because they may be teratogenic or cause fetal hyperinsulinemia or hypoglecemia ----one exception
Definition
glyburide if a very good reason
Term
a carbohydrate intolerance that develops during 4% of pregnancies
Definition
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Term
Screen women at risk (some provides screen all women) @ what weeks during pregnancy?
Definition
24-28 weeks w/ glucose tolerance test
Term

remember to look at last 2 slides

questions

Definition
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