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Pharm II
Stimulants
40
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/03/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychomotor: All cause excitement, euphoria, decreased fatigue, increased motor activity
Definition
stimulants
Term
Few clinical uses but important drugs of abuse
Definition
stimulants
Term

MOA: Phophiesterase inhibitors (increase cAMP, cGMP)

Adenosine receptor antagonists

Definition
Methylxanthines
Term
CNS: decrease fatigue, increase mental alertness
Definition
methylxanthines
Term

CV : + chronotropic and ionotropic effects

related to cAMP level in the heart; palpations, and arrythmias at toxic levels

Definition
methylxanthines
Term
Diuretics action (mild w/ caffeine)
Definition
methylxanthines
Term
gastric mucosa: increase HCL acid production
Definition
methylxanthine
Term

Therapeutic uses : relaxes smooth muscle in bronchioles

(NOT ANYMORE, NO THERAPEUTIC USE)

Definition
methylxanthines
Term

Well absorbed orally

total body distribution

cross lacenta and excreted in breast milk

metabolized & excreted in liver

Definition
methlyxanthine pharmacokinetics
Term
Insomnia, anxiety, agitation
Definition
adverse effects of methyxanthines
Term
Toxicity, emesis, tremor, convulsions
Definition
adverse effects of methylxanthines in high doses
Term
two methylxanthines
Definition

caffeine

theophylline 

Term
Second to caffeine as most widely used CNS stimulant
Definition
nicotine
Term
one of the most addicting substances known
Definition
nicotine
Term

MOA : CNS and ganglionic stimulation

(high doses causes blockade)

Definition
nicotine
Term
Euphoia, arousal, relaxation, increase attention
Definition

CNS 

LOW dose nicotine

Term

central respiratory paralysis and severe HYPOtension

(essentially shutting down the ANS)

Definition

CNS

HIGH dose nicotine

Term

increase BP and HR

Decrease coronary blood flow, also observed w/ second hand smoke (ETS)

increase motor activity of bowel

Definition
peripheral actions of nicotine
Term
Highly lipid soluble, absorbed thru oral mucosa, GI tract and skin
Definition
nicotine pharmacokinetics
Term

irritability and tremors

intestinal cramping and diarrhea

increased HR and BP

increased metabolism of many drugs

Definition
adverse effects of nicotine
Term
Physical dependence (possibly psychological dependence), anxiety, agitation, HA, insomnia
Definition
withdrawal of nicotine
Term
Smoking cessation
Definition

nicotine patch

buproprion SR (Zyban)

 (Chantix)

Term

Antidepressant, DA/NE reuptake inhibitor

smoking cessation

Definition
buproprion
Term

most effective drug available, nicotinic receptor partial agonist

smoking cessation

Definition
chantix
Term

more potent, less effacious than nicotine

results in DA release (reward)

Definition
chantix
Term
most common adverse effects: nausea, sleep disturbances, ABNL dreams, HA, constipation, vomiting, flatulence, and xerostomia
Definition
chantix
Term
MOA: blockage of NE, 5HT, and DA reuptake, prolongs the dopaminergic effects in thebrain
Definition
cocaine
Term

Acutely increase mental awareness and euphoria

can cause hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid

Definition
cocaine
Term
High doses: tremors, convulsions, respiratory, MI, and vasomotor depression
Definition
cocaine
Term
Therapeutic uses: local anesthetic, only local anesthetic that has intrinsic vasoconstricting activity
Definition
cocaine
Term
AE: anxiety rxn (HTN, tachycardia, sweating, and paranoid), depression, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, incidence of MI unrelated to dose, duration, or route
Definition
cocaine
Term
effects similar to cocaine
Definition
amphetamine
Term
MOA: releases intracellular stores of catecholamines and blocks MAO
Definition
amphetamine
Term

Actions CNS: stimulates cerebrospinal axis, cortex, brain stem, and medulla

(increases alertness, decrease fatigue, appetite, & insomnia)

Definition
amphetamine
Term
High dose: convulsions
Definition
amphetamine
Term
SAS: stimulated indirectly
Definition
amphetamine
Term
Therapeutic uses : ADD, narcolepsy
Definition
amphetamine
Term
complete GI absorption, liver metabolism and urine excretion; euphoria lasts 4-6 hours
Definition
amphetamine
Term
Methylphenidate is used for
Definition
ADHD
Term
Psychotomimetics
Definition

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

tetrahydrocannabinol

phencyclidine (PCP)

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