Term
| Antibiotic Considerations |
|
Definition
-Little PK data avail
-Few Ab commonly used
-Broad spectrum
-Reptile infections usually Gram (-) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ampicillins
-usually used for staph infections in tortoises
Tetracyclines
-rarely used in reptiles!
-DOXY for staph, klebsiella, chlamydiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Gentamicin has narrow range of safety due to nephrotoxicity
-Amikacin commonly used for gram (-) infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Several studies for use of enrofloxacin in turtles and tortoises
-large variation in PK parameters
-P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-common in tortoises
-mixed gram (-) organisms
-sx debridement of abscess
-local and systemic Ab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Common in aquatic turtles
-poor hygiene
-often mixed bacterial and fungal
-debridement of lesions
-topical antimicrobial therapy
-systemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Amikacin commonly used for tx of gram (-) infections
-bacterial pneumonia and dermatitis common |
|
|
Term
| Squamata: Lizards and Snakes |
|
Definition
| -most PK studies performed in snakes |
|
|
Term
Squamata:
Lizards and Snakes
Penicillins |
|
Definition
-Piperacillin
-aerobic gram (-)
-tx of pnuemonia |
|
|
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
-Ceftazidime most commonly used in snakes
-no nephrotoxin
-no side effects
-broad spectrum
-long lasting (48-72 hrs)
-small volume |
|
|
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Chloramphenicol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
-Amikacin commonly used in snakes
-make sure p is well hydrated!
-Gentamicin not used much because narrow margin of safety |
|
|
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Fluoroquinolones |
|
Definition
-commonly used in lizards and snakes
-effective against Psuedomonas |
|
|
Term
| Combined Antimicrobial Therapy |
|
Definition
-Amikacin + penicillins
-Amikacin + Ceftazidime
-Metro for anaerobic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-often not dx
-chronically ill reptiles are often immunocompromised
-tx initiated after presumptive dx
-dx based off of clinical and lab findings
-blood culture
-broad spectrum most effective |
|
|
Term
| Physiologic Considerations |
|
Definition
-Ectotherms
-Temperature affects physiological processes
-health status influences metabolism
-suboptimal environmental conditions should be corrected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-SQ or IM
-uptake and distribution not reliable in oral admin
-GI transient time varies widely in species
-chronically sick are often anorectic
-most require supportive care
-force feeding causes additional stress
-snakes are easy to medicate
-consider injection volume and size of patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Often used in exotic species
-consider species differences
-most studies are geared towards one species! Not all species are the same! |
|
|
