Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
| Affects cell reproduction, weakens cell wall leading to rupture |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-Does not cross BBB
-Reaches high concentrations in inner ear and kidneys
-Poor absorption with oral administered IV
-Does have topical and ophthalmic preparations |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Use |
|
Definition
-Serious urinary tract infections and other infections such as pyelonephrit is, respiratory infections, osteomyelitis ect
-Ineffective against anaerobes |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Contraindications |
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Definition
-Pregnancy and lactation
-Allergies to aminoglycosides
-Caution in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction, hearing loss and myasthenia gravis |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| -Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea and weight loss |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Serious Adverse Effects |
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Definition
-Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (these occur more in the very young and elderly), and neuromuscular blockade (may result in respiratory depression)
-CNS: confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, and tingling
-depressed bone marrow |
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Term
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Nursing Interventions |
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Definition
-Monitor peak and trough levels
-Administer at least 2 hours before and after extended penicillin are infused
-Teach clients to notify physician s/s of: ototoxicity: HA, nausea, dizziness, tinnitus, balance difficulties or notify of s/s of nephrotoxicity: frequent or diminished urinary excretion
-monitor for suprainfection
-take aspirin for body |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal depending on concentration at the site of action |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-absorption affected by food
-Can be given oral, IM, IV |
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Term
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Definition
| -use against anaerobic gram positive coccid and some anaerobic gram negative |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-pregnancy and lactation
-allergic reaction to lincosamides
-history of asthma or other allergies
-hepatic or renal dysfunction
-caution with patients with a history of antibiotic associated colitis |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| -nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash and pruritius |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Serious Adverse Effects |
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Definition
-Black Box warning about possible psudomembranous colitis (clostridum defficile) will result in diarrhea, abdominal tenderness
-thombocytopenia, neutropenia
-maculopapular rash |
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Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
-Tell clients to call prescriber immediately if they develop diarrhea
-take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, if GI distress occures take with food
-teach client to notify physician if sore throat, easy bleeding or fatigue develop
-take back up method of contraception |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Pharmacodynamics |
|
Definition
-either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
-inhibit RNA which prevents cell division or can cause cell death |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
-inactivated by gastric acid. most newer preparations overcome this
-can be given IV |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Use |
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Definition
| -Legionnaire disease, mycoplasma, pneumonia, diptheria, chlamydia infections and as an alternative to beta lactam antibiotics |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-Hypersensitivity
-Persons with hepatic compromise
-Pregnancy or lactation, client with impaired hearing or GI disease |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| -GI distress. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Serious Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-Urticaria, maculopapular rash, erythema
-jepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, psudomembranous colitis, ventricular tachycardia |
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Term
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Nursing Interventions |
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Definition
| -Provide small frequent meals, administer on an empty stomach unless GI distress is pronounced |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
| Attacks bacteria by blocking the early stages of the process bacteria use to make proteins |
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-oral and parenteral
Food delays absorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacteremia associated with VRE (vancomycin resistant enteroccoccus) |
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-Hypersensitivity
-Use with caution in clients with phenylketonuria
-use cautiously in clients with suppressed bone marrow functions
-use cautiously in clients with untreated hyperthyroid disease, hypertension, sever cardiac disease |
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, headache, and diarrhea |
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Serious Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-Thrombocytopenia
-Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
-Do not take any OTC medications without the health care provider's approval
-Administer evenly throughout the day
-Limit patient's intake of food or beverages containing tyramine, caffeine or alcohol. Teach client to avoid these foods at home home as well
-Teach clients s/s of thrombocytopenia and pseudomembranous colitis and to notify physician
-Have client have physician review all medications ordered by other providers for possible interactions |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Pharmacodynamics |
|
Definition
-irreversibly blocks ribosome functioning
-bacteriostatic alone
-bacteriocidal when used in combination |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Use |
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Definition
-treatment of VRE
-complicated skin infections |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Contraindications |
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Definition
-hypersensitivity
-caution in clients with decrease hepatic functioin |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Common Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-injection site pain
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombophlebitis
-rash pruritus |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Serious Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection
-hepatotoxicity |
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Term
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Nursing interventions |
|
Definition
-report any pain during infusion
-teach potential adverse effects such as arthralgia, rash, pruritis
-teach clients to report cough, congestion, warmth as these could indicate a suprainfection
-advise patients to report any diarrhea immediately to provider to avert pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-Oral administratioin
-Can be affected by food, iron preparation, antacids containing calcium, magnesium and aluminum |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Use |
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Definition
-rickettsia
-mycoplasma pneumonia
-chlamydia
-acne |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Contraindications |
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Definition
-Known allergies
-Pregnancy or lactation |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
-N/V, diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, dysphagia, damage to the teeth (discoloration) and hepatic toxicity
-photosensitivity |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Serious Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Azotemia- especially in clients with renal compromise |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Lifespan Alert |
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Definition
| Calcium binds to calcium iin developing teeth and bones. Should not be given to pregnant (2nd and 3rd trimester), should not be given to children younger than 8 years old. |
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Term
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Nursing Interventions |
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Definition
-Teach clinets to take med on an empty stomach
-Administer at evenly spaced intervals
-Suck on ice chips or hard candy for sore mouth |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
-bacteriostatic
bacteriocidal at higher dosages and against susceptible organisms |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-can be administered orally or IV
-increased plasma levels in hepatic and renal dysfunction and premature infants |
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Term
|
Definition
-Broad spectrum active against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria
-black label warning-should only be used in serious infections when other antibiotics ineffective |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
contraindications |
|
Definition
-hypersensitivity
-no breast-feeding women -suppresses bone marrow
-use cautiously in persons with depressed bone marrow function
-caution with pregnant women, infants and children, persons with renal or hepatic disease |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
|
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Serious Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-"gray baby"
-blood dyscrasias:aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Lifespan Alert |
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Definition
-Pregnant women, children and infants
-infants may develop "gray baby" |
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Term
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Class |
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Definition
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Term
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
| Inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting protein synthesis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Treat impetigo and other minor skin infections |
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Class |
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Definition
|
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
|
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
-Oral bioavailability is low
-Oral administration is used to treat GI infection such as pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
|
Definition
-Bacterial septicemia
-Endocarditis
-Bone and Joint infections
-Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-Hypersensitivity
-Pregnant
-Should monitor vancomycin levels in nursing neonates
-Oral vancomycin used cautiously in patients with inflammatory bowel disease |
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Common Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| -"red man"-fever, chills, rash, sinus tachycardia and pruritis due to histamine release |
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Serious Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-ototoxicity-tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus
-Nephrotoxicity |
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Term
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
-c&s of organism
-Administer IV over at least 60 minutes
-Monitor serum drug levels with peak and trough to decrease ototoxicity
-Advise client to report symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo or nausea and vomiting
-accurate I&O
-Elderly patients may need decreased dose and frequency or administration, as well as more frequent blood serum monitoring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Myobacteriym Tuberculosis |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Pharmacodynamics |
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Definition
| disrupts the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall |
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Term
Isonizid (INH)
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
-PO and IM
-Crosses the BBB to achive therapeutic effects in the CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| -prophylazis and management of TB |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-Acute hepatic disease
-caution: chronic hepatic disease, alcoholism, severe renal impairment
-caution: DM, malnutrition, alcoholism d/r decreased b6 causing peripheral neuropathy
-caution: seizure disorders d/t neurotoxicity |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Common Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
-peripheral neuropathy
-elevated liver enzymes |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Serious Adverse Effects |
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Definition
-hepatotoxicity
-optic neuritis |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Lifespan Alert |
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Definition
| -patients >35 year old have increased risk for hepatic dysfunction |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Nursing Interventions |
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Definition
-Administer on an empty stomach, unless GI upset occurs
-Administer antacids less than 1 hour before or 2 hours after INH administration
-Teach patients the role of adherence to avoid drug resistance
-Report s/s hepatitis: fatigue, NV, anorexia
-Report tingling in extremities, changing in vision, or anemia |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH)
Nursing Diagnosis |
|
Definition
-altered protection r/t hepatitis
-risk for infection r/t blood dyscrasias
-risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction
-risk for trauma r/t adverse CNS effects
-impaired skin intergrity r/t drug-induced acne |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Pharmacodynamics |
|
Definition
-inhibits RNA synthesis
-Does not bind to host cells |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Pharmicokinetics |
|
Definition
-PO, IV
-Excreted through biliary elimination in feces |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Leprosy
-Acute TB
-Legionnaire disease |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
-hypersensistivity to rifamycin or rifabutin
-IV rifampin for patients whith sulfite sensitivity
-Caution in patients w/history of hepatic dysfunction
-Caution in patients w alcoholism
-caution w/ other hepatotoxic drugs |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Common adverse effects |
|
Definition
-discoloration of body fluids: red-orange
-GI disturbances: NV, anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, flatulence
-High-dose: flu-like symptoms: fever, chills, HA, fatigue |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Serious adverse effects |
|
Definition
-hepatotoxicity
-pseudomembranous colitis
-pancreatitis |
|
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Lifespan alert |
|
Definition
| Special attention to AIDS and HIV patients |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
-Baseline CBC, LFT, RFT
-IV administration over 3 hours
-PO given 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
-Contact prescriber immediately for anorexia, nausea, fatigue, malaise, jaundice, cola-colored urine, pale stool
-educate the need for adherence to drug administration to prevent drug resistance |
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Term
rifampin (Rifadin)
Nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
-risk for injury r/t hepatic injury
-imbalanced nutrition: less r/t N/V, anorexia, diarrhea
-Ineffective protection r/t potential leucopenia or hemolysis anemia |
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