Term
| What are the 3 types of infusions? |
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Definition
1. Continuous
2. Intermittent
3. Secondary |
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Term
| What is continuous infusion? |
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Definition
| Used for large-volumes of parenteral solutions of 250-1000 mL of infusate to be administered over 2-24 hrs. |
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Term
| How are medications infused when added to a continuous infusion? |
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Definition
| When medications are added to large volume infusates, they are also administered at a coninuous rate. |
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Term
| When would you used continuous infusion for a medication? |
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Definition
1. When a medication should be highly diluted.
2. When constant plasma concentrations of the drug needs to be maintained.
3. Or when large volumes of fluids and electrolytes are administered. |
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Term
| How would a nurse ensure an accurate flow rate for continuous infusion? |
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Definition
| Electronic infusion device. |
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Term
| What are the 2 advantages of continuous infusion? |
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Definition
1. Admixture and bag changes can be performed every 8-24 hrs.
2. Constant serum levels of the drug are maintained. |
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Term
| What are 3 disadvantages to continuous infusions? |
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Definition
1. Monitoring the drug rate can be erratic if not electronically controlled.
2. There is a higher risk of drug incompatibility problems.
3. Accidental bolus infusion can occur if the medication is not adequately mixed with the solution. |
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Term
Nursing Fast Fact
Safety in adding medications to an infusion container? |
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Definition
| When adding medications to an infusion container, use single-dose vials instead of multiple-dose vials to decrease the potential for infections, complications and medication errors. |
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Term
What is the INS standard for parenteral medications and solutions?
(life)
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Definition
| After being added to an administration set, the medication or solution should be infused or discarded within 24 hours. |
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Term
| What is intermittent infusion? |
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Definition
| Any administration of a medication or an infusion that is not continuous. |
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Term
| How is medication administer via intermittent infusion? |
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Definition
| A medication is added to a small volume of fluid and infused over 15-90 minutes. |
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Term
| What are types of intermittent infusions? |
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Definition
1. Piggybacked through an established pathway of a primary solution.
2. Simultaneous infusion.
3. Use of volume controll set.
4. Intermittent infusion through a locking device. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary IV line, through a primary pathway, used intermittently to deliver medications. |
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Term
| Most common intermittent technique? |
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Definition
Piggyback.
Secondary infusion through an established pathway of the primary solution is the most common method for drug delivery by the intermittent route. |
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Term
| Equipment needed for a secondary infusion through a primary pathway (piggyback)? |
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Definition
1. Small IV containter
2. Short administration set without ports.
3. A macrodrip system. |
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Term
| What type of tubing is with the piggy back method of infusion? |
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Definition
| Y port tubing with the backcheck valve on the primary line. |
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Term
| Why is drug compatibility important with primary and secondary infusates? |
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Definition
| Although the primary infusion is interrupted during secondary infusion, the drug from the intermittent infusion container comes in contact with the primary solution below the injection port. |
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Term
| What are the 4 advantages of intermittent infusions? |
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Definition
1. The risk of incompatibility is reduced.
2. A larger drug dose can be administered at a lower concentration per mL that with the IV push method.
3. Peak flow concentrations occur at periodic intervals.
4. The risk of fluid overload is decreased.
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Term
| What are the 5 disadvantages of intermittent infusions? |
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Definition
1. Administration rate may not be accurate unless electronically monitored.
2. High concentrations of drugs in intermittent solution may cause venous irritation.
3. IV set changes can result in wasting a portion of the drug.
4. If the pt is not properly monitored, fluid overload or speed shock may result.
5. Drug incompatibility can occur if the administration set is not adequately flushed between medication administration.
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Term
| How can a seconday infusate be infused concurrently with the primary infusate? |
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Definition
| Instead of connecting the secondary infusion at the piggyback port, attach it at the lower Y site. |
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Term
| What is the 2 disadvantages of concurrently infusing a primary and secondary infusate? |
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Definition
1. Tendancies for blood to back up into the tubing after the secondary infusion has been completed, causing occlusion of the venous access device.
2. Increased risk for incompatibility. |
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Term
Nursing Fast Fact!
Infusions in relationship to I/O's? |
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Definition
| Fluid volume delivered via infusion should be added into the pt's intake. |
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Term
Nursing Points of Care for intermittent drug delivery.
7 Points of care. |
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Definition
1. Drug compatibility: IV solutions and medications, both the primary system solution and diluent in the secondary system.
2. Assess IV site and patency of catheter.
3. Medication calculations to be added to solutions.
4. Correct amount and type of diluent.
5. Correct administration rate.
6. Correct primary line port for infusion.
7. Correct label on the secondary bag with: start date and hour, discard date and hour, and your initials. |
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