Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is attention, memory and learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is to affect mood and anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is mental arousal and affect on mood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is the basis of learning and long-term memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is to control arousal levels vital for physical motivation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter's function is sensation of calm? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In anxiety disorders, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
| Decreased NE, GABA and Serotonin |
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Term
| In depression, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
| Decreased NE and Serotonin |
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Term
| In Parkinson's disease, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In schizophrenia, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Huntington's disease, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
| Decreased GABA and acetylcholine |
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Term
| In Alzheimer's disease, what are the neurotransmitter changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drug class is the first-line treatment for depression? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant is used in the treatment of bulimia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant is used in the treatment of OCD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant meds can be used for the treatment of PMDD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which meds MOA prevent the re-uptake of serotonin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which meds MOA is to block the reuptake of NE and Serotonin? |
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Definition
| Tricyclic Anti-Depressants |
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Term
| Which anti-depressant can treat Major depression as well as Enuresis and chronic pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which TCA can treat insomnia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which TCA can treat neuropathic pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which TCA is used for smoking cessation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant can be used to treat depression in psychotic pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which second generation TCA has very potent inhibition of NE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant is useful in the treatment of hospitalized pts to treat depression and anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
Which anti-depressant med is a potent inhibitor of serotonin transport and NE (SSRI-like at low doses)
and is a inhibitor of NE transport at high doses with the higher the dose causing the better response? |
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Definition
| Venlafaxine - Third-Generation Anti-Depressants: (aka Heterocyclic Anti-Depressants) |
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Term
| Which anti-depressant's MOA can be described as 5-HT2 receptor and alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonism, which increases the release of NE and Serotnin? |
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Definition
| Mirtazapine - Third-Generation Anti-Depressants: (aka Heterocyclic Anti-Depressants) |
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Term
| Which third generation anti-depressant has potent anti-histaminic with great sedative effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which SSRI is the 1st line in STAR*D treatment for depression? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which SSRI is the MOST selective? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which SSRI is described as "100 times more potent" than the others? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which SSRI has the longest half-life? What is the dosing? |
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Definition
| Fluoxetine ; Once weekly dosing |
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Term
| Which SSRI has the shortest half-life? What is the dosing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant meds are used to treat Atypical depression, phobias and panic disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anti-depressant med has a MOA described as inhibition of an enzyme which is responsible for NE, serotonin and tyramine metabolism - causing an increase in the levels of NE, Serotonin and Tyramine in the presynaptic neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MAOI is NOT irreversibly bound? |
|
Definition
| Tranylcypramine (Nonhydrazide) |
|
|
Term
| Which MAOI is irreversibly bound? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does MAOI inhibition last after the meds are d/c? |
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Definition
| 7 days to 2 – 3 weeks after discontinuation |
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Term
| Which anti-depressant class of meds is used to treat atypical depression, phobias and panic disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What MAOI med is used in the adjunct treatment of Parkinson's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med inhibits the phosphoinositol second messenger cascade, which may interfere with the synthesis, storage, release and re-uptake of serotonin, dopamine and NE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med has been used as a mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and is also used in combo with other meds for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and other mood disorders with psychotic features? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which meds MOA is described as blocking postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system of the brain thereby decreasing the response of postsynaptic neurons to dopamine excitation? (These drugs also inhibit H2 histamine receptors, cholinergic receptors and alpha-adrenergic receptors, which lead to undesirable effects) |
|
Definition
| typical anti-psychotic agents (haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine) |
|
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Term
| Which med is used to treat the positive sx of schizophrenia (including delusions and hallucinations), tourette syndrome and delirium and agitation? |
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Definition
| Typical Anti-psychotic Agents (haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine) |
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Term
| Which med has been shown to block both serotonin (5HT2) and dopamine receptors in the limbic system of the brain which decreases the response of post-synaptic neurons to dopamine and serotonin excitation? |
|
Definition
| Atypical Anti-psycotics (Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, Aripriprazole and Quetiapine) |
|
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Term
| Which med can be used to treat the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| Atypical Anti-psychotics (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, aripriprazole, quetiapine) |
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Term
| Which Atypical Anti-psychotics can be used to treat delirium? |
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Definition
| Olanzapine, Risperidone and Quetiapine |
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Term
| Which Benzos are used as anesthetics? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Benzos are long-acting? (4) |
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Definition
Diazepam
Prazepam
Clonazepam
Flurazepam |
|
|
Term
| Which benzos are intermediate-acting? (5) |
|
Definition
Lorazepam
Temazepam
Oxazepam
Alprazolam
Chlordiazepoxide |
|
|
Term
| Which benzos are short acting? (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med has a MOA described as enhancing GABA receptor activation leading to decreased activity of neurons of the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions of the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med is used to treat muscle spasms, insomnia, panic disorder, anxiety, seizures, status epilepticus and alcohol withdrawl? |
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepines (Triazolam, midazolam, lorazepam, temazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, prazepam,clonazepam and flurazepam) |
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Term
| Which class of meds acts as a sedative and is used to treat insomnia and anxiety? |
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Definition
| Barbiturates (Phenobarbital, Thiopental, Secobarbital, Amobarbital and pentobarbital) |
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Term
| Which barbiturate is used for induction of anesthesia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which barbiturate is used in the management of seizures? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which barbiturate is used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which medication has a MOA described as potentiating GABA receptor activity in the brain, thereby increasing Cl ion flow, leading to cell membrane hyperpolarization and DECREASED CNS neuronal activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med is used to treat partial seizures, grand mal seizures and status epilepticus, and can be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia and torsades de pointes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med works by decreasing the flow of Na and Ca ions across the cell membrane thereby decreasing depolarization of the cells of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Phenytoin (and Lamotrigine) |
|
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Term
| Which anti-seizure medication can be used in the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder and in the prevention of migraines? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which anti-seizure med can be used in generalized tonic/clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures and absence seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which seizure med that acts by decreasing Ca currents across neuronal cells and by inhibiting GABA metabolism is used to treat absence seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med may increase GABA concentrations by inhibiting enzymes that metabolize GABA, and also has effects on Na and K conductance across the neuronal cell membrane thereby leading to hyperpolarization of the neuron? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which anti-seizure medication inhibits the flow of Na ions through Na channels on neural cell membranes thereby causing hyperpolarization and decreased activity of the neuron? |
|
Definition
| Carbamazepine or Oxcarbazepine |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-seizure medication acts by inhibiting neural cell sodium channels and is used as an adjunct treatment for simple and complex partial seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which med is similar to Tiagabine but works by inhibiting the breakdown of GABA and is used in the treatment of Partial Seizures? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which med used in the adjunctive treatment for epilepsy and neuropathic pain has an unknown method of action? |
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Definition
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Term
| What anesthetic med can be used for rapid muscle paralysis for endotracheal intubation during surgery or ER procedures? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which anesthetic meds MOA is described as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that competes with acetylcholine to reversibly bind to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If a pt is given Succinylcholine and you notice muscle fasciculations, what phase are they in? Is this phase able to be reversed? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| If a pt is given Succinylcholine and you complete paralysis, what phase are they in? Is this phase able to be reversed? |
|
Definition
| Phase II; Reversible by Physostigmine |
|
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Term
| Which med acts as a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker that acts to competitively bind nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, but does not activate the nicotinic receptors but instead acts to prevent acetylcholine from binding to and activating these receptors? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which med is used as an adjunct to general anesthesia induction to reduce skeletal muscle contraction for the facilitation of endotracheal intubation or bronchoscopy? |
|
Definition
| Pancuronium (Vecuronium , Atracurium, Cistracurium, Tubocurarine, Mivacurium, Rapacuronium) |
|
|
Term
| How can the effects of Pancuronium be reversed? |
|
Definition
| Reversed with the administration of a cholinesterase inhibitor (eg neostigmine) |
|
|
Term
| Which med is used in minor surgical procedures in which sensation needs to be blocked in a localized area of the body, but will not lead to unconsciousness of the pt for the procedure? |
|
Definition
| Local Anethetic - Procaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine, Bupivacaine and lidocaine |
|
|
Term
| Which med that causes vasoconstriction is often given locally with a local anesthetic? Why is it given? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine; Given to cause vasoconstriction so that the rate of systemic absorption of the anesthetic is decreased and a more effective local nerve block is obtained (since more anesthetic remains in the area) |
|
|
Term
| Which local anesthetics have the shortest duration of action? Which have the longest? |
|
Definition
Esters have the shortest - Procaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine and Benzocaine
Amides have the longest - Bupivacaine and lidocaine |
|
|
Term
| Which general IV anesthetic agent is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and conscious sedation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which general IV anesthetic agent is used for induction of anesthesia and conscious sedation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which general IV anesthetic agent has a MOA of an NMDA receptor antagonist thereby decreasing neuronal conduction? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which med is used in a maintenance program to treat opioid addicts to help ease withdrawal symptoms without producing the characteristic "high"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which opioid med can be used as a pain control? (3) |
|
Definition
| Morphine, Fantynyl and Codeine |
|
|
Term
| Which opioid med can be used as a cough suppressant? |
|
Definition
| Dextromethorphan and codeine |
|
|
Term
| Which opioid med is used to treat acute pulmonary edema? |
|
Definition
| Morphine acts to reduce anxiety and cardiac preload |
|
|
Term
| Which opioid med is used to treat diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first-line treatment for Parkinsonism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What med is co-administered with Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism? Why? |
|
Definition
| Carbidopa - increases the levels of levodopa in the periphery |
|
|
Term
| Which partial dopamine receptor agonist is used in the adjunct treatment for parkinsonism as well as in the treatment for hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which MAOI inhibitor is used in the treatment of Parkinsonism? Which type of MAOI is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which med that stimulates presynaptic 5-HTID receptors, is used to treat migraines and cluster HA? In which pts is its use contraindicated? |
|
Definition
Sumatriptan (Naratriptan, Rizatriptan, Zolmitriptan)
Contraindicated in pts with CAD |
|
|
Term
| What anti-depressant med can be used to aid in smoking cessation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What med is used to treat generalized anxiety d/o and is used in conjunction with SSRIs to tx depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which med has a MOA that acts as a 5 - HTia presynaptic receptor partial agonist and also has mixed agonist/antagonist activity on postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which med can be used to tx partial seizures AND postherpetic neuralgia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which med that binds to Ca ion channels in the CNS, thereby decreasing glutamate and NE release can be used in the treatment of neuropathic pain (especially diabetic neuropathy), and fibromyalgia? |
|
Definition
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