Term
| NO mediates its effects by covalent modification of protein, what are its three major targets? |
|
Definition
Matalloproteins
Thiols
Tyrosine Nitration |
|
|
Term
| What is the end result when NO interacts with its target Metalloprotein? |
|
Definition
| Vasodilation due to activation of cGMP and PKG |
|
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Term
| What effect does Nitric Oxide, an oxide of Nitrogen have on the body? |
|
Definition
Vasodilator
Platelet Inhibitor
Immune Regulator
Neurotransmitter |
|
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Term
| What effect does Nitroxyl anion, an oxide of Nitrogen have on the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does Nitrogen dioxide, an oxide of Nitrogen have on the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does Nitrous Oxide, an oxide of Nitrogen have on the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what conditions is Glutathione decreased? |
|
Definition
| Diabetes and Atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Which form of NO is a more stable form and is endogenous and a long-lived carrier of NO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which disorder in inhibition of iNOS desired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Nitroglycerin found in the body? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Found throughout venous smooth muscle
Dilates veins and coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are organic nitrates limited by? |
|
Definition
| There may be a loss of therapeutic effect during continuous administration |
|
|
Term
| What is required to elicit vasorelaxation from organic nitrites? |
|
Definition
| require metabolic activation |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of organic nitrites? |
|
Definition
| antianginal isoamylnirite |
|
|
Term
| What is Nitropress (nitroprusside) indicated for? |
|
Definition
| rapid pressure reduction in arterial HTN |
|
|
Term
| What does inhalation of NO gas result in? What conditions is it used in? |
|
Definition
Reduced Pulmonary Artery Pressure
Conditions - ARDS, Acute hypoxemia, CPR |
|
|
Term
| What are the indications for Sidenafil? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary HTN and erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Besides vasodilation, what vascular protective effects does NO have? |
|
Definition
| Protects against thrombosis and atherogenesis (reduces the formation of foam cells) |
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|
Term
| In what conditions are the inflammatory effects of NO detrimental? |
|
Definition
| chronic arthritis, psoriasis lesions, airway inflammation in asthma and inflammatory bowel lesions |
|
|
Term
| What cellular mediators cause the early asthmatic response? What is this initial response? |
|
Definition
Histamine
Tryptase
Leukotrienes C4 and D4
Prostaglandins
Initial Response = Bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What are the cell mediators of the late asthmatic response? What does this cause? |
|
Definition
Influx of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, IgE, B lymphocytes, mast cells)
Causes more bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial responsiveness that may last for several weeks after exposure |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line therapy in the treatment of asthma? |
|
Definition
| Short-Acting Bronchodilators |
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions should additional therapy be added onto Short-Acting Bronchodilator treatment? |
|
Definition
Rescue inhaler used > 2x per week
Nocturnal sx occur > 2x a month
FEV 1 is <80% |
|
|
Term
| Which Methylxanthine drug is more selective for smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which Methylxanthine agent is used to treat intermittent claudication, due to its ability to improve blood flow under certain conditions? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In what ways are Methylxanthine drugs effective in the treatment of COPD? (In reference to muscle) |
|
Definition
| Improve contractility and reverse fatigue of diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic MOA for inhaled corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit inflammatory cytokines |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Cromolyn and Nedocromil? |
|
Definition
| They are Mast cell stabilizers, so they inhibit the inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to avoid the systemic effects of corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
| Use the inhaled treatment |
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