Term
| Where are H1 receptors located? |
|
Definition
Smooth Muscle
Endothelium
Brain |
|
|
Term
| Where are H2 receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Gastric Mucosa, Cardiac Muscle, Mast Cells, Brain |
|
|
Term
| Where are H3 receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Presynaptic Brain, Myenteric Plexus |
|
|
Term
| Where are H4 receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Eosinophils, Neutrophils, CD4 Tcells |
|
|
Term
| What is the triple response that an Intradermal injection of histamine can cause? |
|
Definition
Redness
Inflammation
Flare Response |
|
|
Term
| In which types of patients is histamine contraindicated in? |
|
Definition
| Pts with asthma, active ulcer disease or GI bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse effects of histamine? |
|
Definition
Flushing
Hypotension
Tachycardia
HA
Wheals
Bronchoconstriction
GI Upset |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between a physiologic antagonist and histamine. Give an example of a physiologic antagonist. |
|
Definition
Smooth m. actions opposite those of histamine, but work through different receptors
Example = Epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between a release inhibitor and histamine. Give an example of a release inhibitor. |
|
Definition
Reduce degradation of mast cells resulting from antigen-IgE interaction
Examples = Cromolyn and Nedocromil |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between a receptor antagonist and histamine. |
|
Definition
| Competitively antagonize the actions of histamine |
|
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Term
| What are anti-histamines used for? What receptor do they work on? |
|
Definition
Anti-histamines are used for allergies.
They block the H1 receptors |
|
|
Term
| What are H2 Blockers used to treat? |
|
Definition
| Reduce the amount of stomach acid, so reduce GERD and Heart burn |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation has more sedative effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is more likely to block autonomic receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is rapidly absorbed? When is its peak onset? |
|
Definition
| Both 1st and 2nd; Peak onset in 1 to 2 h |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation has a shorter duration of action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is more lipid soluble? What does this allow the drug to do? |
|
Definition
| 1st generation; Allows it to cross the BBB |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is metabolized by the CYP-450 system in the liver and therefore has a higher possibility of drug interactions? Which drugs is it likely to interact with? |
|
Definition
2nd Generation
Interacts with -azoles, macrolides (erythromycin), and sedating agents |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation generally has a less sedating action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is used in N/V associated with pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation has anti-parkinson's effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-histamine generation is used in motion sickness and vestibular disturbances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which generation of anti-histamines has serotonin blocking actions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect do H2 Blockers have on H1 receptors? |
|
Definition
| Thought to have NO effect on H1 receptors |
|
|
Term
| Is there a low toxicity or high toxicity with H2 blockers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two 2nd generation anti-histamines are no longer on the US market due to their potential to cause arrhythmias? |
|
Definition
| Terfenadine (Seldane) and Astemizole (Hismanal) |
|
|
Term
| What 3 drugs are 2nd generation H1 anti-histamines? |
|
Definition
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Lortadine (Claritin) |
|
|
Term
| What do anti-histamine drugs end in? |
|
Definition
-zine
-dine
-mine
-nate [Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) - only one ending in -nate] |
|
|
Term
| What 11 drugs are 1st generation H1 anti-histamines? |
|
Definition
5 - mines
Brompheniramine
Diphenhydramine
Chlorpheniramine
Carbinoxamine
Tripelennamine
4 - zines =
Hydroxyzine
Cyclizine
Meclizine
Promethazine
1 - dine
Cyproheptadine
1 -nate
Dimenhydrinate |
|
|
Term
| What 4 drugs are H2 anti-histamines? |
|
Definition
Cimetidine
Rantidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine |
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