Term
|
Definition
| furosimides, thiozides, spironolactone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits Na+/K+/Cl- transporter in the loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high efficacy, short duration of action |
|
|
Term
| Furosemide: pharmacological effects |
|
Definition
| NaCl, KCl, Ca, water loss; dilation of pulmonary vasculature |
|
|
Term
| Furosemide: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| hypokalemia (cardiac arrhythmias and K+ wasting), ototoxicity, alkylosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute CHF with pulmonary edema, chronic CHF, other edematous states, hypercalcemia, severe HTN |
|
|
Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide: mechanism |
|
Definition
| inhibits NaCl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide: pharmacologic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| hypokalemia (K+ wasting and arrhythmias) due to collecting tubule NaClKH pump pumping excessive K out in an attempt to reabsorb excess Na |
|
|
Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide: uses |
|
Definition
| HTN (mechanism not understood, max BP lowering dose is lower than max diuretic dose), chronic CHF |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone: mechanism |
|
Definition
| antagonism at aldosterone receptors at the collecting tubule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blockade of Na channels at the collecting tubule |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride/spironolactone: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| loss of NaCl, water, retention of K+ and H+ (hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis) |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride/spironolactone: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| hyperkalemia: aggravated by renal disease, renin antagonists (B blockers), angiotensin antagonists (ACE inhibitors, AT Receptor blockers); metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride/spironolactone: uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angiotensin converting enzyme |
|
|
Term
| ACE Inhibitors: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| vasodilation of arterioles and veins, natriuresis (sodium excretion) and diuresis |
|
|
Term
| ACE Inhibitors: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| cough, excessive hypotension, angioedema, fetal malformations (contraindicated in pregnancy), hyperkalemia (esp w K+ sparind diuretics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN, acute CHF (reduce preload and afterload), chronic CHF (inhibit cardiac remodelling-cardioprotection) |
|
|
Term
| AT1 R Antagonists: target |
|
Definition
| angiotension receptors (type 1) |
|
|
Term
| AT1 R Antagonists: pharm effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AT1 R Antagonists: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| excessive hypotension, fetal malformations, hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN, acute CHF (reduce preload and afterload), chronic CHF (inhibit cardiac remodelling-cardioprotection) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renin inhibitors: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| reduced levels of angiotensin II and aldosteron, additive anti-HTN effect with thiazide |
|
|
Term
| Renin Inhibitors: adverse effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a2 receptors agonist in CNS (decreases NE levels, sympathetic response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converted to a-methyl NE which is an a2 receptor agonist in the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clonidine: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| sedation, dry mouth, rebound HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a-methyldopa: adverse effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks vesicle dopamine transporter, depletes nerve ending of NE, enters the CNS so it can be used for depression; no longer used for HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks exocytotic release of NE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a1 selective adrenergic receptor blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN, benign prostate hypertrophy, pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
| Prazosin: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia (use w b-blocker), reflex volume expansion (use w diuretic), nasal stuffiness, inhibition of ejaculation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| b adrenergic r antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Propranolol: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| decreased HR, decreased cardiac contractility, decreased renin release, may reset baroreceptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Propranolol: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| bradycardia, AV block, myocardial depression (don't use for acute CHF), bronchoconstriction, arteriolar constriction, hypoglycemia (don't use with asthma, PVD, insulin independent diabetes mellitus, depression, fatigue, vivid dreams, sedation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nifedipine: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| vascular effects (relaxation of smo musc) > cardiac effects (decreased contractility and HR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relaxation of vascular smo musc, decreased contractility and HR |
|
|
Term
| Nifedipine and verapamil: uses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nifedipine/Verapamil: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| reflex volume expansion (diuretic), reflex tachycardia (nifedipine), myocardial depression (verapamil), constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydralazine: pharm effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydralazine: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| reflex tachycardia (angina, arrhythmias), volume expansion (edema, weight gain), headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN, acute CHF (to decrease afterload and improve CO) |
|
|
Term
| Minoxidil/diazoxide: target |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minoxidil/diazoxide: pharm effects |
|
Definition
| K+ channel remains open leading to membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| minoxidil/diazoxide: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| reflex tachycardia, volume expansion, headache, hair growth (minoxidil), inhibitio of insulin secretion (diazoxide) |
|
|
Term
| Minoxidil/diazoxide: uses |
|
Definition
| HTN, refractory hypoglycemia (diazoxide), baldness (Minoxidil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitroprusside: pharm effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IV administration, short half life (mins), light sensitive |
|
|
Term
| Nitroprusside: adverse effects |
|
Definition
| hypotension, acidosis, arrhythmias (cyanide toxicity), confusion, seizures (thiocyanate toxicity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN emergencies, acute CHF (to reduce preload and afterload) |
|
|
