Term
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Definition
| A drug that elicits the responses for which it is given |
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Term
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Definition
Factors that influence distribution:
Blood flow to tissue
Exiting the vascular system
BBB
Placental drug transfer
Protein bind |
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Term
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Definition
Enteral-via GI tract so food will alter
Parenteral-(Instant aborption); outside the GI tract and usually referred to as "by infection"; the common routes are IV, SubQ, and IM |
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Term
| How would you determine half-life? |
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Definition
| The time for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% |
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Term
Phenytoin: Mechanism of action
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nystagmus
Gingival hyperplasia
Skin rash
Sedation
Ataxia
Diplopia
Cognitive Impairment
Severe Hypertension |
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Term
| Phenytoin: Nursing Management |
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Definition
Teach about good oral care
Instruct pt. to notify physician immediately
if rash appears |
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Term
Normal drug level for phenytoin and why they should be monitored
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Definition
| 10-20 mcg per ml (levels below 10 are too low to control seizures and above 20 can produce toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that activate receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Cause response by preventing receptor activation; there are two types, competitive and non-competitive.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Non-competitive antagonist |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Has only moderate activity |
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Term
| What does a cytochrome p450 system do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an idiosyncratic effect? |
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Definition
| an uncommon drug response from a genetic predispostion |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by the physician |
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Term
| What is a teratogenic effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is renal excretion effected in the elderly? |
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Definition
| The proper index of renal function is creatinine clearance which is the rate the kidneys clear creatinine from the blood. |
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Term
| How is renal excretion normally monitored? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does renal excretion differ in children? |
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Definition
| Renal function isn't achieved until one year of age |
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Term
| Why do we administer atropine? |
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Definition
| to increase heart rate, decrease secretions, relax bronchi, decrease bladder tone, decrease GI tone, dilate pupil, and cause CNS excitation |
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Term
| What should you administer with muscarinic poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adverse effects that atropine have? |
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Definition
| dry mouth, blurred vision, phototobia, increased intraocular pressure, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, inability to sweat, asthma |
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Term
| What are the nursing implications for atropine? |
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Definition
| monitor vitals and check for tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Diabetes
Primary and Secondary prevention of CV events
Hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
| Why do we give nitroglycerides? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many nitroglycerine tablets should you take and what is the dosage? |
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Definition
| you can take 1 tablet 0.3-0.6 mg sublingual and if pain doesn't subside in 5 minutes call 911 or go to the ED and you can take another tablet, if the pain still doesn't go away in 5 minutes only take one more tablet |
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Term
| What should be done before giving nitro tablets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the lab values for heparin? |
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Definition
| look at aPTT, it increases aPTT by a therapeutic factor of 1.5 to 2 from baseline making the aPTT go from 40 seconds to 60-80 seconds |
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Term
| What are the lab values for coumadin? |
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Definition
| Measure by looking at PT and INR; the usual target for INR is 2-3; it should be measured daily for the first 5 days, twice a week for the next 1-2 weeks, once a week for the next 1-2 months, and every 2-4 weeks for thereafter |
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Term
| What are the lab values for lovanox? |
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Definition
| molecular weights range from 2000 to 8000 |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term prophylaxis of thrombosis; to prevent venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism for patients with prosthetic heart valvues and atrial fibrillation. It also reduces risk TIAs and recurrent MI |
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Term
| What are the side effects of coumadin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug class do we use for arterial thrombosis and what is the prototype of that class? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all the treatments post MI? |
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Definition
| Oxygen, aspirin, morphine, beta blockers, and nitroglycerin |
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Term
| What insulins have a short duration but are rapid acting? |
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Definition
| Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine |
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Term
| Which insulin have a short duration and are slower acting? |
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Definition
| Regular Insulin (only one that can be given IV) |
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Term
| Which insulin have an intermediate duraction? |
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Definition
| NPH (cloudy and should be given twice daily to provide glycemic control between meals and during the night, its the only one that can be mixed with short acting insulins) |
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Term
| Which insulin should be given at bedtime? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long are open vials of insulin good for and how should they be stored? |
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Definition
| They are good for up to one month if stored at room temperature |
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Term
| What is synthroid used for? |
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Definition
| Thyroid hormone replacement |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of synthroid? |
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Definition
tachycardia
angina
tremors
cardiac dysrhythmias |
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Term
| When she we not administer vaccines? |
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Definition
| If the child or patient is sick |
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Term
| What is significant about Histamine 1? |
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Definition
They vasodilate when activated, especially in the skin and face, they increase capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction and help with itching, pain, and an increase in mucus secretion.
There is first and second generation
1st is sedating (benadryl), 2nd is not but can be sedating (allegra, claritin) |
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Term
| What is significant about Histamine 2? |
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Definition
| They help with the secretion of gastric acid, so it works primarily in the gut |
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Term
| How do you taper doses of steroids? |
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Definition
Taper the dosage over 7 days
Switch from multiple to single dosing
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of Colchicine? |
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Definition
| Diarrhea, if too bad then stop taking it |
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Term
| What is the treatment for asthma in an emergency situation? |
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Definition
| albuterol (rescue inhaler) which is an bronchodilator and beta 2 agonists |
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Term
| What is the treatment of asthma that is of the chronic nautre? |
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Definition
Inhalation drug therapy which is Metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, nebulizers, and spacers.
Inhaled glucocorticoids, and Intal (safest) |
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Term
| What are side effects of asthma treatments? |
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Definition
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