Term
| Somatotropin (Humatrope, Serostim) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
replacement drug therapy to make up for hormone deficiency
diagnostic aids to determine status of pt's hormonal functions
help w/ growth |
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Term
| Indications of Somatotropin |
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Definition
recombinantly made GH
stimulate skeletal growth in pts w/ deficient GH such as hypo pituitary dwarfism
associated w/ HIV |
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Term
| Adverse effects of Somatropin |
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Definition
headache
rash
flulike symptoms
hyperglycemia
hypothyroidism
hypercalcuria |
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Term
| Indications of Vasopressin |
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Definition
used in treatment of DI
MOA: powerful vasoconstrictor used for hypotensive emergencies, GI bleeding, and pulseless cardiac arrest
Demopressin: used for dose dependent treatment of blood disorders, used for nocturnal enuresis |
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Term
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Definition
| due to damage of pituitary gland |
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Term
| Adverse effects of Vasopressin |
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Definition
hypertension
fever
vertigo
headache
nausea
heartburn
cramps
uterine cramping
nasal irritation and congestion
tremor
sweating |
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Term
| mechanism of action- pituitary drugs |
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Definition
differs depending on drugs
either augments or antagonizes the natural effects of the pituitary hormones |
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Term
| Nursing implications for Pituitary drugs |
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Definition
obtain through nursing assessment and med. history
assess for contraindications specific to the drug
provide specific instructions for nasal spray forms of vasopressin
rotate injection sites
don't discontinue abruptly
don't take OTC products w/ medical approval
parents of children who are receiving GH should keep a journal reflecting child's growth |
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Term
| Evaluation of Pituitary Drugs |
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Definition
Monitor for therapeutic responses
Somatropin should increase growth in children
Vasopressin should reduce severe thirst and decrease UOP
Monitor adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
secretes T3, T4, and Calcitonin for proper regulation of metabolism
located near the PTH gland, which maintains adequate levels of calcium in the ECF |
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Term
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Definition
primary: abnormality in thyroid gland itself
secondary: results when the pitiuary gland is dysfunctional and doesn't secrete TSH
Tertiary: results when the hypothalamus gland doesn't secrete thyrotropin releasing hormone, which stimulates the release of TSH |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism- Cretinism |
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Definition
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during youth
low metabolic rate, retarded growth and sexual development, possible mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during adulthood
decrease metabolic rate, loss of mental and physical stamina, weight gain, loss of hair, firm edema, yellow dullness of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of thyroid gland, results from overstimulation by elevated levels of TSH, TSH is elevated bc there is little or no thyroid hormone in circulation |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism- common symptoms |
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Definition
thickened skin
hair loss
constipation
lethargy
anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by: Graves disease, Multinodular disease, Plummer'r disease/ toic nodular disease (rare), thyroid storm- induced by stress or infection (severe) |
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Term
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Definition
affects multiple body systems, resulting in overall increase in metabolism
diarrhea, flushing, increased appetite, muscle weakness, sleep disorder, altered menstrual flow, fatigue, palpitations, nervousness, heat intolerance, irritability |
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Term
| treatment of hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothyroid)- synthetic thyroid hormone T4 |
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Term
| thyroid replacement drug indications |
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Definition
to treat all 3 forms of hypothyroidism
levo is the preferred drug due to hormonal content is standardized therefore, its effect is predictable
used for pts whose thyroid glands are surgically removed and destroyed by radioactive iodine (thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism) |
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Term
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Definition
| a normally functioning thyroid gland |
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Term
| thyroid replacement drug mechanism of action |
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Definition
thyroid preparations are given to reduce what the thyroid gland cannot produce to achieve euthyroid
thyroid drugs work the same as thyroid hormones |
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Term
| thyroid replacement drug most important AE |
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Definition
| cardiac dysrhythmia w/ the risk of life-threatening or fatal irregularities |
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Term
| thyroid replacement drug AE |
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Definition
| tachycardia, palpitations, angina, hypertension, insomnia, tremors, headache, anxiety, nausea, diarrhea, menstrual irregularities, weight loss, appetite changes, sweating, heat intolerance |
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Term
| treatment of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
radioactive iodine works by destroying the thyroid gland, in a process known as ablation
surgery to remove all or part of the gland (lifelong thyroid hormone replacement will be needed) |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs: thioamide derivates |
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Definition
methimazole (Tapazole)
propylthiouracil (PTU) |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs indications |
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Definition
| used to palliate hyperthyroidism, prevent the surge in thyroid hormones, radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer, treat symptoms or cause |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs mechanism of action |
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Definition
inhibit the incorporation of iodine molecules into the amino acid tyrosine thus impeding the formation of thyroid hormone
cannot inactivate existing hormone |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs most serious AE |
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Definition
| liver and bone marrow toxicity- |
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Term
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Definition
headache
nausea
smoky urine
decreased UOP
rash
increased BUN |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs implications |
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Definition
assess for drug allergies, contraindications, potential drug interactions
obtain baseline vital signs, weight
caution for those w/ cardiac disease, hypertension, and pregnant women
during pregnancy, treatment of hypothyroidism should continue
fetal growth may be retarded if maternal hypothyroidism is untreated during pregnancy-adjust dose |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs implications |
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Definition
| better tolerated w/ food, give at the same time each day to maintain constant blood levels, never stop abruptly, avoid eating foods high with iodine (seafood, soy sauce, tofu, iodized salt), monitor therapeutic response and AE |
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Term
| antithyroid drugs pt teaching |
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Definition
| take meds w/ sufficient amounts of water at least 6-8 oz, take in the am and not night to prevent insomnia, take at the same time everyday, report unusual symptoms, chest pain, or palpitations, don't take OTC meds w/o physician approval, therapeutic effects may take several months, meds may enhance activity of anticoagulants, diabetic patients may need increased dosages of hypoglycemic meds, may decrease serum digoxin levels |
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Term
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Definition
drugs that decrease or prevent an immune response, thus suppressing the immune system
prevent or treat the rejection of transplanted organs
many other immune related disorders |
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Term
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Definition
all suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines, preventing the involvement in the immune response
results in a pharmacologically immuncompromised state
mechanisms of action and indications vary |
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Term
| immunosuppressant's indications |
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Definition
| primarily for the prevention of organ rejection and immunologic diseases such as RA and MS |
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Term
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Definition
| glucocorticoids inhibit the inflammatory response, corticosteroid suppress the immune system |
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Term
| Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)classification |
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Definition
| classified as calcineurin inhibitor |
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Term
| Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) mechanism of action |
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Definition
| inhibits activation of T-cells by blocking the production and release of the cytokine mediator IL-2 |
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Term
| Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)indications |
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Definition
| prevention of organ rejections, treatment of RA and psoriasis |
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Term
| Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) AE |
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Definition
| hypertension, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, post transplant DM, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism |
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Term
| Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Precautions |
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Definition
don't interchange brand names with generic
Black box: UV exposure, renal disease
Avoid grapefruit |
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Term
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) mechanism of action |
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Definition
| prevent proliferation of T cells by inhibiting intracellular purine synthesis |
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Term
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)indications |
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Definition
| prevention and treatment of organ rejection in kidney, liver,and heart transplantation |
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Term
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)AE |
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Definition
| hypertension, peripheral edema, tachycardia, pain, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, electrolyte disturbances, abdominal pain, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, cough, and dyspnea |
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Term
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) Precautions |
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Definition
| black box- increased risk for congential malformations and spontaneous abortions when used during pregnancy |
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Term
| tacrolimus (Prograf)classification |
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Definition
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Term
| tacrolimus (Prograf)mechanism of action |
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Definition
| inhibits T-cell activation, possibly by binding to an intracellular protein known as FKBP-12 |
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Term
| tacrolimus (Prograf)indications |
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Definition
| prevention of organ rejection and other unlabeled uses in autoimmune diseases and severe psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
| agitation, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, neuropathy, albuminuria, dysuria, acute renal failure, renal tubular necrosis, post transplant DM |
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Term
| tacrolimus (Prograf)precautions |
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Definition
| avoid grapefruit and take on empty stomach, avoid high fat and carbohydrate foods which may negatively impact absorption |
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Term
| immunosuppressant's implications |
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Definition
follow guidelines for parenteral administration carefully, inform of lifelong therapy w/ immunosuppressant's is indicated w/ organ transplantation
monitor therapeutic responses
monitor AE and signs of drug toxicity |
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Term
| immunosuppressant's pt teaching |
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Definition
take measures to reduce the risk of infection by avoiding crowds, and ppl w/ colds or infections
immediately report fever, sore throat, chills, joint pain, fatigue, or other signs of severe infection
avoid Styrofoam containers with oral liquids
take oral forms w/ food |
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