Term
Natural Penicillins
-Penicillin V K
-Penicillin G |
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Definition
-Strep pneumonia
-Cell wall synthesis
-Penicillinase sensitive
-Good gram +, some gram -
-Short half-lives --> QID |
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Term
Aminopenicillins
-Amoxicillin (Trimox, Amoxil)
-Ampicillin |
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Definition
-Broad spectrum
-Cell wall synthesis
-Various Gram +, some Gram -, no anaerobes |
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Term
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
-Cloxacillin
-Dicloxacillin
-Oxacillin (IV)
-Nafcillin (IV) |
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Definition
-Staph. auereus and staph. epidermidis
-Cell wall synthesis
-Penicillinase and beta-lactamase resistant
-Narrow spectrum
-Type 1 allergic rxns |
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Term
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
-Ticarcillin
-Piperacillin |
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Definition
-IV broad spectrum
-Cell wall synthesis
-Good for pseudomonas and Gram -
-Beta-lactamase inhibition |
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Term
Beta-lactamase Inhibition Combo
-Amoxicillin/Clavulonate (Augmentin) |
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Definition
-Broad spectrum
-Good anaerobic coverage |
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Term
1st Gen. Cephalosporin
-Cephalexin (Keflex)
-Cephadroxil (Duricef) |
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Definition
-Skin and soft tissue infections
-Gram +, MSSA
-Non-prodrug, no activation needed
-Cell wall synth |
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Term
2nd Gen. Cephalosporin
-Cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD)
-Cefprozil (Cefzil)
-Cefuroxime Axetil (Ceftin) |
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Definition
-Gram +, Gram -, some anaerobes
-Cell wall synth |
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Term
3rd Gen. Cephalosporins
-Cefdinir (Omnicef)
-Cefixime (Suprax)
-Cefpodoxime (Vantin) |
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Definition
-Change in function group - change in spectrum
-Good Gram + (except staph), better Gram - and anaerobes
-Cell wall synth |
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Term
Quinolones
-Ciprofloxacin (Cipro and Cipro XR)
-Levofloxacin (Levoquin)
-Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
-Gatifloxacin (Tequin) |
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Definition
-Good for pneumonia, soft tissue and bone infections
-Inhibits bacteria DNA synthesis
-100% bioavailability
-Broad spectrum
-GI rxn (10%)
-Interacts with warfarin
-Contraindicated: preg/breast feeding moms and children whose epi. plates have not closed.
-Often reserved for severe infections
increased blood sugar |
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Term
Sulfonamides
-SMX/TMP (Bactrim) |
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Definition
-Bacteriostatic
-Analog of PABA --> inhibits folic acid synthesis
-UTIs, ear infections
-Broad spectrum
-Especially E. coli
-Hypersensitivity (Hives/itchiness)
-Causes hypersensitivity
-Interacts /c coumadin |
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Term
Tetracyclines
-Tetracycline (Sumycin)
-Doxycycline (Vibramycin) |
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Definition
-Inhibits 30S ribosome
-URI, acne
-Broad spectrum
-GI, children and teeth, sun
sensitivity
-Increased bacterial resistance |
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Term
Macrolides
-Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
-Azithromycin (Zithromax)
-Erhyromycin (E-mycin, EES) |
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Definition
-STDs
-Binds to 50S ribosome preventing translocation
-Gram +, poor Gram - except M. cat and H. flu, legionella, intracellular
-NOT good anaerobic
-Diarrhea when taken orally
-Z pack (5 day) most common |
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Term
Antivirals
-Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
-Famcyclovir (Famvir)
-Peniciclovir (Denavir) |
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Definition
-Treatment and prevention of HSV-1 and HSV-2
-Given w/ in first 36 hrs
-Few adverse affects
-Targets binding, uncoating, synthesis, assembly and release
-Nucleotide analongue
terminates 5 prime ending
-Treatment or prophylaxis
-Tabs, creams, ointment, suspension
-Multiple daily dosing |
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Term
Antifungals
-Clotrimazole (Mycelex Troche)
-Fluconazole (Diflucan)
-Itraconazole (Sporanox)
-Voriconazole (Vfend) |
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Definition
-Orally, vaginally, jock itch, ringworm, athletes foot, etc.
-Targets Cytochrome P450 (cell membranes)
-Fungi need cholesterol |
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Term
SSRIs
-Sertraline (Zoloft)
-Fluoxetine (Prozac)
-Paroxetine (Paxil, Paxil CR)
-Citalopram (Celexa)
-Escitalopram (Lexapro) |
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Definition
-Generally cleaner
-Some GI disturbance
-Best for drinkers?
-Peak concentration in 4-8 hrs
-7 day half life
-Almost all available as generic |
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Term
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Definition
-Dirty drugs (anticholenergic/antihistiminic effects)
-Neuropathic pain and sleep
-Very lipophilic/not completely absorbed/high first pass
-Other active metabolites --> longer duration |
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Term
SNRIs
-Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
-Duloxentine (Cymbalta) |
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Definition
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Term
NDRIs
-Bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin SR) |
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Definition
-Acts against dopamine
-TID, BID and QD |
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Term
Other antidepressants
-Trazodone
-Mirtazapine (Remeron) |
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Definition
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Term
Short Acting Sedatives/Hypnotics (BZDs)
-Alprazolam
-Lorazepam |
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Definition
-Lasts 4-6 hrs
-Schedule IV, Tolerance and dependance when used chronologically
-Sedation
-Binds to GABA receptors, promotes
Cl channel openings
-Metabolized by CYP450, not as
effective in hepato-comprimised pts |
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Term
Intermediate Acting Sedatives/Hypnotics (BZDs)
-Tema
-Clonazepam |
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Definition
-Lasts 8 hrs
-Schedule IV, Tolerance and dependance when used chronologically
-Sedation
-Binds to GABA receptors, promotes
Cl channel openings
-Metabolized by CYP450, not as
effective in hepato-comprimised pts |
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Term
Long Acting Sedatives/Hypnotics (BZDs)
-Diazepam |
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Definition
-Lasts 12 hours
-Schedule IV, Tolerance and dependance when used chronologically
-Sedation
-Binds to GABA receptors, promotes
Cl channel openings
-Metabolized by CYP450, not as
effective in hepato-comprimised pts |
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Term
BZD-like Drugs (Sleepers)
-Zalepron (Sonata)
-Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
-Zolpidem (Ambien) |
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Definition
-For insomnia, not anxiety
-Long term use ok |
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Term
2nd Generation Antipsychotics
-Risperidone(Risperdal)
-Olanzapine(Zyprexa)
-Quetiapine(Seroquel) |
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Definition
-Expensive
-Psychosis, schizophrenia
(Off-label use bi-polar, dementia,
autism, migraines)
-Block dopamine at post synaptic
level. All block D2 receptors (Newer
drugs block 5-HT2 (Serotonin)).
-Incompletely absorbed-Highly lipid
soluble=longer duration
-Significant 1st pass metabolism
-Can be
detected in urine after pt stops
taking drug
-Too much results in Parkinson's
like symptoms
-Also sleepiness,
endocrine problems, hypotension
(alpha blockade)
-Special dosage forms (ODTs, rapid and long acting injections) |
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Term
AEDs
-Gabapentin (Neurontin)
-Phenytoin (Dilantin)
-Topiramate (Topamax)
-Divalproex (Depakote) |
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Definition
-Membrane stabilizers (promotes Na efflux from neurons)
-Increases levels of GABA
-Chewables, suspension, caps and injectables |
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Term
Stimulants
-Atomexetine (Strattera)
-Amphetemine Mixes Salts (Adderall XR)
-Methylphenidate (Concerta) |
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Definition
-Schedule II
-Balance out norepi/dopamine (sympathomimetic)
-Increase in BP
-Weak bronchodilator activity |
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