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Pharm CH 26
Local Anesthetics
6
Pharmacology
Professional
05/29/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Lidocaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Amides

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Antiarrhythmic agent (See CH 14)
Medium

 

Short-duration procedures, epidural, spinal anesthesia

 

Term
Bupivacaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Amides

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Long

Cardiovascular collapse

Longer-duration procedures

 

Term
Prilocaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Amides

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Term
Procaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Esters

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Term
Cocaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Esters

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Sympathomimetic effects; Blocks NE reuptake → vasoconstriction
Medium

Convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, stroke

CNS stimulation

Procedures requiring high surface activity and vasoconstriction

Used to ↓ bleeding in ENT

 

Term
Tetracaine
Definition

CH 26 Local Anesthetics

Esters

 

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, increases threshold until ability to generate action potential is lost; effect is greater in rapidly firing channels

 

In spinal anesthesia, inhibit transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors

CNS excitation

Sleepiness, light-headedness, visual and auditory disturbances, nystagmus,  convulsions with high concentrations

Weak bases

Less effective in infected (acidic) tissues

 

Often administered with epinephrine to ↓ blood flow and ↑ duration of action

 

Long

 

Spinal, epidural anesthesia

 

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