Unknown mechanism in CNS; reduces vertigo

Tachycardia, blurred vision, xerostomia, delirium

Prevention of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting

Competitive antagonism at all M receptors; causes mydriasis and cyclopegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle), long duration (5-6 days)

Increased intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Retinal examination; prevention of synechiae (adhesion of iris to cornea or lens) after surgery

Like atropine but shorter duration of action (15-60 min)

Blurred vision

Retinal examination

Competitive, nonselective antagonist at M receptors, inhibits bronchoconstriction by Vagus n.

Xerostemia, cough

Prevention and relief of acute bronchospasm; COPD bronchodilator

Nonselective muscarinic antagonist, reduces detrusor smooth muscle tone

Tachycardia, constipation, increased intraocular pressure, xerostemia

Relieve bladder spasm after urologic surgery (prostatectomy); urge incontinence

Nondepolarizing competitive N receptor antagonist; crosses blood-brain barrier and enters CNS

Sedation, tremor, choreiform movements, mental aberrations

Formerly used for hypertension, now sometimes used for smoking cessation

High affinity for phosphorous atom but does not enter CNS; binds to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase and removes organophosphate

Muscle weakness in overdose

Antidote for early stage cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning