Term
|
Definition
| Important and effective group antibiotics for the treatment of susceptible pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discovered in 1928 be sir Arthur Fleming while doing research in influenza |
|
|
Term
| Actions penicillins inhibit |
|
Definition
-cell wall synthesis
-DNA or RNA synthesis
-protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Four groups of penicillins |
|
Definition
| Natural penicillins, penicillinase-resistant penicillins, aminopenicillins, extended-spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first large scale antibiotics used to combat infections
-bc they have been used for many years drug resistant strains of microorganisms have developed making natural penicillin less effective |
|
|
Term
| Penicillinase-resistant penicillins |
|
Definition
| Bacterial resistance is the ability of certain bacteria to produce penicillinase, an enzyme that inactivates penicillin. These drugs were developed to combat this problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-result of chemical treatment of a biological precursor to penicillin
-bc of their chemical modification they are slowly excreted by the kidneys
-wider spectrum of antibacterial activity |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin-beta-lactamase |
|
Definition
-type of penicillin with a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity
-when used alone have lil anti microbial activity
-when combined with certain penicillins they extend the spectrum of the penicillins antibacterial activity |
|
|
Term
| Beta-lactamase inhibitors |
|
Definition
-clavulanic acid
-sulbactam
-tazobactam |
|
|
Term
| Combinations of penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors |
|
Definition
Augmentin
Timentin
Unasyn
Zosyn |
|
|
Term
| Extended-spectrum penicillins |
|
Definition
-effective against an even wider range of bacteria than the broad-spectrum penicillins
-these penicillins are used to destroy bacteria such as Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UTI
Septicemia
Meningitis
Intra-abdominal infections
Syphilis
Pneumonia
Other respiratory infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Can not treat viral or fungal infections
-taken several hrs or days before surgery, dental, oral or upper respiratory tract procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -prevention against a secondary bacterial infection that can occur in pt with viral infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Gastritis
NVD
Phlebitis |
|
|
Term
| Hypersensitivity reactions |
|
Definition
-skin rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, hypotension
-anaphylactic shock (usually after parenteral administration) immediate and severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Develop rapidly and serious
-older Pts who are debilitated, chronically ill, or taking penicillin for an extended period are more likely to develope |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial superinfections |
|
Definition
| Seen with administration of oral penicillin sand occur in the bowel |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of bacterial superinfections |
|
Definition
| D, bloody D, rectal bleeding, fever, abdominal cramping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Commonly occurring bacterial superinfection
-may occur after 4-9 days of treatment or as long as 6 weeks after the drug is discontinued |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Organism that produces a toxin that effects the lining of the colon
-requires immediate discontinuation of antibiotic
-moderate to severe cases may require treatment with IV fluids, protein supplementations, and oral vancomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Candidiasis or moniliasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Bone marrow depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -with Pts with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin or cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pts with renal disease, asthma, bleeding disorders, GI disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-oral contraceptives: decrease effect of contraceptive
-tetracycline:decreased effect of penicillin
-anticoagulant:increased bleeding
-beta-adrenergic blocking drugs:increased risk for anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-found particularly in ohio river valley
-used to wash inflamed or infected eyes and making yellow dye, antiseptic for skin, mouthwash for canker sores
-19th century was known as "herbal antibiotic" for treating gonorrhea and UTI
-Indian tribes used it as insect repellent, stimulant, diuretic
-should not be taken for more than a few days to 1week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-health history
-allergy history
-current symptoms of infection
-vital signs
-asses infected area
-check c&s
-record color and drainage if any |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-evaluate pt daily for response to therapy
-urinalysis
-CBC
-renal and hepatic function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-impaired skin integrity
-risk for ineffective respiratory function
-diarrhea
-impaired oral mucous membranes
-impaired comfort:increased fever |
|
|
Term
| After administering penicillin IM. How long should the nurse ask the pt to wait on the waiting area? |
|
Definition
30 mins
Bc anaphylactic reactions occur within 30 mins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-take drug as prescribed
-oral: take on empty stomach
-take with 8oz of water
-oral suspensions:keep in fridge, shake well, discard after 7-14 days
-to reduce risk of superinfection take with yogurt, buttermilk, or acidophilus |
|
|
