Term
|
Definition
Ventolin HFA (R)
Proventyl (R)
Proventyl HFA (R)
Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
* 1-2 puffs PMDI (pressurized meter-dose inhaler)
* Inhaler, tablet, syrup (p.o. NOT for acute but not ideal for long-term either -- inhaler is best)
* ER form available (inhaler better)
* Racemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Xopenex (R)
Xopenex HFA (R)
Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
* Purified isomer of albuterol (no clinical advantage(
* ONLY inhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maxair (R)
Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
*Autoinhaler = breath-activated so when you breathe in forcefully -- activates aerosol (overcomes timing problems)
*Eliminates need for spaces and optimizes delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tornalate (R)
Terol SABA (bronchodilator
* aerosol inhaler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long passage through which food and nutrients pass to be digested and absorbed.
extends from mouth to anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
providing nourishment
Alimen - providing nourishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diminished appetite
aversion to food
A - without
Orex - appetite
Ia - condition of |
|
|
Term
Antispasmodic (Spasmolytic)
Spasm |
|
Definition
drug that relieves smooth musle spasm
(Antispastic - drug that relieves skeletal muscle spasm) |
|
|
Term
Hyperacidity (Hyperchlorhydria)
Hydr |
|
Definition
abnormally high degree of acidity
Hydr - hydronium ion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absence or lack of HCl in the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drug that neutralizes the HCl secreted in digestive juices of stomach
drug used to relieve pain and discomfort of disorders of digestive system (ex. peptic/duodenal ulcers)
short-term effect
Although people refer to omeprazole as antacid, it is a PPI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an abnormally frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter from bowel
Diarr - through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
through the mouth
by mouth
Per - through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that induces vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drug or treatment that prevents or arrests vomiting
Anti - reverse/against |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
referring to the upper central region of the abdomen
Epi - upper, upon, above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disease marked by frequent watery stools with blood/mucous and abdominal pain/fever/dehydration/tenesmus
(Tenesmus - painful spasm of anal sphincter with urgent desire to evacuate bowel or bladder)
Sentery - intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gastric indigestion
"Upset stomach"
Impaired digestion
Peps - digestion |
|
|
Term
Diverticulosis
Vert
Cul
Osis |
|
Definition
presence of # of divercula (pouches/sac-like openings) in intestine
Vert - branch out
Cul - digestion
Osis - abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of diverticula ESP in wall of colon which fills with stagnant fecal matter and becomes inflamed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic, morbid disorder involving repeated and secretive episodic bouts of eating characterized by uncontrolled/rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short period of time followed by self-induced vomiting
AKA hyperphagia (over-eating) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condition in which segments of alimentary tract becomes inflamed, thickened, and ulcerated causing partial obstruction of intenstine -- pain, diarrhea, malabsorption
chronic and genetic and more prominent in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
1st synthetic corticosteroid
short-acting
generic
Equivalency: 25 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cortef (R)
corticosteroid
short-acting
multiple strength tablets 5-20 mg
low potency cream 0.5-2.5% (1% or lower is OTC)
Equivalency: 20 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
injectable (non-IV)
IM, Intra-articular, Intra-Bursae, Intra-ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
injectable (non-IV)
IM, Intra-articular, Intra-Bursae, Intra-ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
oral suspension |
|
|
Term
| Hydrocortisone SODIUM PHOSPHATE and SODIUM SUCCINATE |
|
Definition
corticosteroid
IV
rapid onset
doesn't last as long as IM |
|
|
Term
| Hydrocortisone VALERATE and BUTYRATE |
|
Definition
corticosteroid
low-potency topical
for itch (pruritis), burns, seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), diaper rash, fungal infection (w. antibiotics), contact dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
Most widely used and well known
Intermediate acting in duration
ONLY p.o.
multiple strength tablets 1-50 mg (5 mg most common)
prodrug of prednisolone (metabolized before active)
Equivalency: 5 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
No clinical advantage over prednisone (prednisone more used)
Equivalency: 5 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medrol (R)
corticosteroid
Intermediate acting in duration
p.o. tablet 2-32 mg (4 mg most common)
very high dose for multiple sclerosis (up to 200 mg for 1st 7 days)
Equivalency: 4 mg |
|
|
Term
| Methylprednisolone ACETATE |
|
Definition
Depo-Medrol (R)
corticosteroid
released over period of time
NEVER IV
treats condylitis (bone abnormality) |
|
|
Term
| Methylprednisolone SODIUM SUCCINATE |
|
Definition
Solu-Medrol (R)
corticosteroid
IV infusion for 1/2 hour
30 mg/kg every 4 hours for 2 days
Higher doses for shorter durations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decadron (R)
corticosteroid
long-acting
p.o. tablets 0.25-6 mg
Equivalency: 0.75 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decadron L.A. (R)
corticosteroid
depo-form
NOT IV |
|
|
Term
| Dexamethasone SODIUM PHOSPHATE |
|
Definition
corticosteroid
IV
w. Xylocaine (R) - lidocaine for immediate deadening of nerves for quick anesthesea (pain relief)
gives time for Dexamethasone to work on inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Celestone (R)
corticosteroid
Equivalency:0.6 |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone ACETONIDE or HEXACETONIDE |
|
Definition
Aristocort(R) and Kenalog(R)
corticosteroid
immediate-acting
various routes of administration
1. used to be p.o.
2. suspension injection - IM
3. inhalation for chronic asthma - Azmacort (R)
4. nasal spray for SAR - Nasacort AQ (R)
5. derm - high potency 0.025-0.5%
6. dental paste for sensitive teeth/gums
7. opthalmic - intravitreal injection or implant (into eyeball)
8. intra-articular or intra-lesional
Equivalency: 4 mg |
|
|
Term
| Beclomethasone Diproprionate |
|
Definition
Qvar (R)
corticosteroid
inhalation for asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmicort (R)
corticosteroid
inhalantion (not for acute asthma attack)
needs counseling (timing push + inhalation)
wash device after each use
wash out mouth with each use (or yeast infection - candidiassi) |
|
|
Term
| Budesonide w. Formoterol fumarate dehydrate |
|
Definition
Symbicort (R)
corticosteroid
Combo with terol drug (SABA - bronchodilator) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Florinef (R)
MINERALOCORTICOID!!!!
p.o. tablets.
treats Addison's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aclorate (R)
corticosteroid
low potency topical 0.05%
ointment (not water-washable, more protective, dry scaly lesions) or cream (water-washable, oozing lesion or hair area of body) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Desowen (R)
corticosteroid
low potency topical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cloderm (R)
corticosteroid
medium potency topical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Synalar (R)
corticosteroid
low potency topical
also available as lotion or shampoo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Temovate (R)
corticosteroid
high potency topical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ultravate (R)
corticosteroid
VERY high potency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
Flonase (R) - nasal spray, takes up to 12 hours, use with vasoconstrictor to open up nasal passage if nose is too stuffed to breathe in)
Flovent (R) - inhaler for chronic asthma, uses propellant CFC (chlorofluorocarbon - env. problems)
Flovent HFA (R) - uses propellant HFA (hydrofluoroalkane) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Veramist (R)
corticosteroid
intranasal |
|
|
Term
| Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate |
|
Definition
Nasonex (R) - nasal spray
Asmanex (R) - inhalation
Twisthaler (R) - inhalation powder
corticosteroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Omnaris (R) and Alvesco (R)
corticosteroid
1-2 sprays in each nostril 3 times a day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nasarel (R), AeroSpan (R), AeroBid (R), Aerobid M (R)
corticosteroid
Nasarel - nasal spray
Aero - inhalation
Span - lowest strength
Bid- slightly higher strength
Bid M - menthol flavor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Duprezol (R)
corticosteroid
ophthalmic emulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroid
ophthalmic implant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteorid
ophthalmic ointment or suspension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alrex(R) and Lotemax (R)
corticosteroid
ophthalmic suspension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pred Forte (R)
corticosteroid
sodium phosphate forms of prednisolone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vexol (R)
corticosteroid
opthalmic suspension |
|
|
Term
Cholelithiasis
Chole
Lithe
Iasis |
|
Definition
formation of stonesin gallbladder
Chole - gall bladder
Lith - stone
Iasis - formation of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relating to bile (yellowish brown or green fluid secreted by liver and discharged into duodenum where it aids in emulsification of fats, increases peristalsis, and reatrds putrefaction)
Bill - bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medical specialty concerned with function/disorders of stomach and intestine
Gastro - stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of intestine (esp small intestine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mesentary (double layer of peritoneum attaching stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen to posterior wall of abdomen)
Mes - middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hernia (protrusion of organ/tissue out of body cavity) of stomach
Cele - hollow cavity/space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
procedure for examining interior of colon and rectum using colonoscope introduced through anus and guided up to look for polyps
Scopy - picture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surgery in which part of colon is brought through abdominal wall to drain or decompress the intestine
temporary or permanent
appliance is usually worm over colostomy opening to prevent soiling of clothes (colostomy bag) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure using abdominal surgery in which stomach is opened to allow inspection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enz that occurs in saliva and pancreatic juice to aid digestion of starch
Ase - enz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enz produced by pancreas and glands of small intestine to break down fats into glycerol and FA during digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteolytic digestive enz that causes break-down of proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enz secreted by glands of small intestine that converts lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of gums caused by plaque on teeth (gums swell and bleed easily)
Ging - gum tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of liver caused by virus, hepatotoxic substances, and immunological abnormalities
Hep - liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral disease transmitted by food or drink
occurs in areas of poor sanitation
15-40 day incubation period
fever followed by jaundice
serious complication is unusual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral disease transmitted by infected blood through contaminated needles, transfusions, sexual contact, or tattoo needles
1-6 month |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral disease transmitted via blood transfusion and by contaminated needles of drug users
resembles Hep B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of pancreas
if acute - severe pain in upper abdomen and back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
malignant tumor of liver
rare in normal livers, but often develops in pt with cirrhosis ESP after hep B infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condition in which action of swallowing is either difficult to perform or painful
swallowed material seems to be held up in its passage to stomach
AKA aphagia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relating to lungs and stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atrovent (R)
Tropium (alt to terol SABA -- bronchodilator for asthma)
solution for inhalation, aerosol, and nasal spray
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma |
|
|
Term
| Ipratropium bromide + Albuterol Sulfate |
|
Definition
Combivent (R)
Tropium (alt to terol SABA - bronchodilator) combo product
inhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spiriva (R)
Tropium (alt to terol SABA - bronchodilator)
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma
powdered capsules for inhalation via HandHaler (R) device |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Severent (R) Diskus
Terol LABA
twice a day
onset is 15-20 minutes
indication - asthma and EIB (exercise induced bronchospasm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foradil (R) and Perforomist (R)
Terol LABA
Foradil (R) is a powder capsule
Perforomist (R) is a liquid aerosol - quicker onset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brovana (R)
Terol LABA
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma |
|
|
Term
| Fluticasone w. Salmeterol |
|
Definition
Advair (R) Diskus, Advair (R) HFA
Combo Terol LABA
varying strengths of corticosteroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Symbicort (R) HFA
Combo Terol LABA
various strengths of corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Mometasone Furoate w. Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate |
|
Definition
Dulera (R)
Combo Terol LABA
varying strengths of corticosteroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Singulair (R)
Lukast (long-term control - asthma and COPD)
Pregnancy Category C
Indicated for Asthma, EIC (exercise induced bronchospasm), and allergic rhinitis
Tablet 5 & 10 mg
Chewable tablet and granules (sprinkle over food -- for kids)
Once a day at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Accolate (R)
Lukast (long-term control option - asthma and COPD)
tablets of 10 & 20 mg
twice a day on empty stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zyflo (R) and Zyflo ER (R)
Lukast (long-term control - asthma and COPD)
indicated for asthma (aspirin-sensitive)
twice a day with mean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Xolair (R)
anti-IgE (biotech - $$$)
"mab" -- monoclonal antibody (biotech)
lyophilized powder reconstituted for SQ injection at doctor's office
Administered every 2-4 weeks
regulates immune system
indicated for moderate - severe asthma when other drugs don't work
NOT RESCUE DRUG (same applies to LABA and LUKAST)
not for kids under 12 y.o. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
old drug for asthma
classic drug for asthma
rapid-onset inhalation relief for acute bronchospasm attacks
short-acting and needs repeated doses
side effects |
|
|
Term
| Primatene Mist Inhaler (OTC) |
|
Definition
old drug for asthma
not recommended to treat asthma but available
removed bc propellant CFC (new HFA will soon be available) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
old drug for asthma
Primatene tablets for bronchodilation
BTC in some places bc contains methamphetamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
old drug for asthma
p.o. and injection |
|
|
Term
| Aminophyline (Theophylline ethylenediamine) |
|
Definition
old asthma drug
derivative of theophylline
replaced bc lots of DDIs and is NTI |
|
|
Term
| Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride |
|
Definition
Benadryl (R) and Triaminic (R)
1st generation antihistamine
Historic - 1940s
mainly generic and OTC today (only injectable isn't OTC)
dose around 50 mg
GOOD for hypersensitivity rxn (ex. bee sting)
GOOD for motion sickness (injectable is better than p.o.)
anti-tussive
Parkinson's pt
OTC used for sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ChlorTrimeton (R)
1st generation antihistamine
same as Benadryl (R) but NOT available injectable |
|
|
Term
| Promethazine Hydrochloride |
|
Definition
Phenergan (R)
1st generation antihistamine
not available OTC but mostly available generic
p.o. (solid/syrup), suppositories, and injections
Treats N&V
anti-tussive (ESP combo w. expectorants) |
|
|
Term
| Hydroxyzine HCl or Pamoate |
|
Definition
Vistaril (R)
1st generation antihistamine
only Rx
p.o. and injectable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tavist (R)
1st generation antihistamine
Available generic and OTC
ONLY p.o.
treats hives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Claritin (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
sedating in high doses
1st 2nd gen to become OTC (2002)
p.o tablets and ODT tablets (orally disintegrating tablets - dissolve in mouth) and syrup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clarinex (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
metabolite of Loratadine - patent protection
same indication of Loratadine and no clinical advantage |
|
|
Term
| Fexofenadine Hydrochloride |
|
Definition
Allegra (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
recently became available as OTC
ESP useful if pt is worried about sedation effects (non-drowsy even in high doses)
Allegra-D (R) - combo w. vaso-constrictor for nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zyrtec (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
racemic
OTC
Zyrtec D (R) available for nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
| Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride |
|
Definition
Xyzal (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
biologically active enantiomer of Zyrtec - for patent!
no clinical advantage over Zyrtec |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Astepro (R) and Optivar (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
Astepro (R) is nasal spray for S.A.R
Optivar (R) is ophthalmic solution for allergic conjuncitivis |
|
|
Term
| Olapatadine Hydrochloride |
|
Definition
Patanol (R) and Patanase (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
Patanol - ophthalmic solution for allergic conjuntivitis and itchy eyes - used once or twice a day
Patanase - nasal spray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bepreve (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
ophthalmic solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lastacaft (R)
2nd generation antihistamine
newest 2nd gen - Rx only
Ophthalmic solution
Claims you only need to administer once a day |
|
|
