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Pharm Care Quiz 8
Drugs & Terms
121
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/27/2011

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Term
Albuterol Sulfate
Definition
Ventolin HFA (R)
Proventyl (R)
Proventyl HFA (R)

Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
* 1-2 puffs PMDI (pressurized meter-dose inhaler)
* Inhaler, tablet, syrup (p.o. NOT for acute but not ideal for long-term either -- inhaler is best)
* ER form available (inhaler better)
* Racemic
Term
Levalbuterol
Definition
Xopenex (R)
Xopenex HFA (R)

Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
* Purified isomer of albuterol (no clinical advantage(
* ONLY inhalation
Term
Pirbuterol Acetate
Definition
Maxair (R)

Terol SABA (bronchodilator)
*Autoinhaler = breath-activated so when you breathe in forcefully -- activates aerosol (overcomes timing problems)
*Eliminates need for spaces and optimizes delivery
Term
Bitolterol Mesylate
Definition
Tornalate (R)

Terol SABA (bronchodilator
* aerosol inhaler
Term
Alimentary Canal
Definition
long passage through which food and nutrients pass to be digested and absorbed.

extends from mouth to anus
Term
Alimentation


Alimen
Definition
providing nourishment


Alimen - providing nourishment
Term
Bowel
Definition
the intestine
Term
Anorexia


A
Orex
Ia
Definition
diminished appetite
aversion to food


A - without
Orex - appetite
Ia - condition of
Term
Antispasmodic (Spasmolytic)


Spasm
Definition
drug that relieves smooth musle spasm
(Antispastic - drug that relieves skeletal muscle spasm)
Term
Hyperacidity (Hyperchlorhydria)


Hydr
Definition
abnormally high degree of acidity


Hydr - hydronium ion
Term
Achlorhydria
Definition
Absence or lack of HCl in the stomach
Term
Antacid
Definition
drug that neutralizes the HCl secreted in digestive juices of stomach
drug used to relieve pain and discomfort of disorders of digestive system (ex. peptic/duodenal ulcers)
short-term effect

Although people refer to omeprazole as antacid, it is a PPI
Term
Diarrhea


Diarr
Definition
an abnormally frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter from bowel

Diarr - through
Term
Peroral


Per
Definition
through the mouth
by mouth

Per - through
Term
Emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
Emetic
Definition
drug that induces vomiting
Term
Antiemetic


Anti
Definition
drug or treatment that prevents or arrests vomiting


Anti - reverse/against
Term
Hyperemesis
Definition
excessive vomiting
Term
Epigastric


Epi
Definition
referring to the upper central region of the abdomen


Epi - upper, upon, above
Term
Dysentery


Sentery
Definition
disease marked by frequent watery stools with blood/mucous and abdominal pain/fever/dehydration/tenesmus
(Tenesmus - painful spasm of anal sphincter with urgent desire to evacuate bowel or bladder)

Sentery - intestine
Term
Dyspepsia


Peps
Definition
Gastric indigestion
"Upset stomach"
Impaired digestion

Peps - digestion
Term
Diverticulosis

Vert
Cul
Osis
Definition
presence of # of divercula (pouches/sac-like openings) in intestine


Vert - branch out
Cul - digestion
Osis - abnormal condition
Term
Diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation of diverticula ESP in wall of colon which fills with stagnant fecal matter and becomes inflamed
Term
Bulimia
Definition
chronic, morbid disorder involving repeated and secretive episodic bouts of eating characterized by uncontrolled/rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short period of time followed by self-induced vomiting

AKA hyperphagia (over-eating)
Term
Crohn's Disease
Definition
condition in which segments of alimentary tract becomes inflamed, thickened, and ulcerated causing partial obstruction of intenstine -- pain, diarrhea, malabsorption

chronic and genetic and more prominent in women
Term
Cortisone
Definition
corticosteroid
1st synthetic corticosteroid
short-acting
generic

Equivalency: 25 mg
Term
Hydrocortisone
Definition
Cortef (R)

corticosteroid
short-acting
multiple strength tablets 5-20 mg
low potency cream 0.5-2.5% (1% or lower is OTC)

Equivalency: 20 mg
Term
Hydrocortisone ACETATE
Definition
corticosteroid
injectable (non-IV)
IM, Intra-articular, Intra-Bursae, Intra-ganglion
Term
Hydrocortisone ACETATE
Definition
corticosteroid
injectable (non-IV)
IM, Intra-articular, Intra-Bursae, Intra-ganglion
Term
Hydrocortisone CYPIONATE
Definition
corticosteroid
oral suspension
Term
Hydrocortisone SODIUM PHOSPHATE and SODIUM SUCCINATE
Definition
corticosteroid
IV
rapid onset
doesn't last as long as IM
Term
Hydrocortisone VALERATE and BUTYRATE
Definition
corticosteroid
low-potency topical
for itch (pruritis), burns, seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), diaper rash, fungal infection (w. antibiotics), contact dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis
Term
Prednisone
Definition
corticosteroid
Most widely used and well known
Intermediate acting in duration
ONLY p.o.
multiple strength tablets 1-50 mg (5 mg most common)
prodrug of prednisolone (metabolized before active)

Equivalency: 5 mg
Term
Prednisolone
Definition
corticosteroid
No clinical advantage over prednisone (prednisone more used)

Equivalency: 5 mg
Term
Methylprednisolone
Definition
Medrol (R)

corticosteroid
Intermediate acting in duration
p.o. tablet 2-32 mg (4 mg most common)
very high dose for multiple sclerosis (up to 200 mg for 1st 7 days)

Equivalency: 4 mg
Term
Methylprednisolone ACETATE
Definition
Depo-Medrol (R)

corticosteroid
released over period of time
NEVER IV
treats condylitis (bone abnormality)
Term
Methylprednisolone SODIUM SUCCINATE
Definition
Solu-Medrol (R)

corticosteroid
IV infusion for 1/2 hour
30 mg/kg every 4 hours for 2 days
Higher doses for shorter durations
Term
Dexamethasone
Definition
Decadron (R)

corticosteroid
long-acting
p.o. tablets 0.25-6 mg

Equivalency: 0.75 mg
Term
Dexamethasone ACETATE
Definition
Decadron L.A. (R)

corticosteroid
depo-form
NOT IV
Term
Dexamethasone SODIUM PHOSPHATE
Definition
corticosteroid
IV
w. Xylocaine (R) - lidocaine for immediate deadening of nerves for quick anesthesea (pain relief)
gives time for Dexamethasone to work on inflammation
Term
Betamethasone
Definition
Celestone (R)

corticosteroid
Equivalency:0.6
Term
Triamcinolone ACETONIDE or HEXACETONIDE
Definition
Aristocort(R) and Kenalog(R)

corticosteroid
immediate-acting
various routes of administration
1. used to be p.o.
2. suspension injection - IM
3. inhalation for chronic asthma - Azmacort (R)
4. nasal spray for SAR - Nasacort AQ (R)
5. derm - high potency 0.025-0.5%
6. dental paste for sensitive teeth/gums
7. opthalmic - intravitreal injection or implant (into eyeball)
8. intra-articular or intra-lesional

Equivalency: 4 mg
Term
Beclomethasone Diproprionate
Definition
Qvar (R)

corticosteroid
inhalation for asthma
Term
Budesonide
Definition
Pulmicort (R)

corticosteroid
inhalantion (not for acute asthma attack)
needs counseling (timing push + inhalation)
wash device after each use
wash out mouth with each use (or yeast infection - candidiassi)
Term
Budesonide w. Formoterol fumarate dehydrate
Definition
Symbicort (R)

corticosteroid
Combo with terol drug (SABA - bronchodilator)
Term
Fludrocortisone Acetate
Definition
Florinef (R)

MINERALOCORTICOID!!!!
p.o. tablets.
treats Addison's
Term
Aclometasone
Definition
Aclorate (R)

corticosteroid
low potency topical 0.05%
ointment (not water-washable, more protective, dry scaly lesions) or cream (water-washable, oozing lesion or hair area of body)
Term
Desonide
Definition
Desowen (R)

corticosteroid
low potency topical
Term
Clocortolone Pivalate
Definition
Cloderm (R)

corticosteroid
medium potency topical
Term
Fluocinolone Acetonide
Definition
Synalar (R)

corticosteroid
low potency topical
also available as lotion or shampoo
Term
Clobetasol Propionate
Definition
Temovate (R)

corticosteroid
high potency topical
Term
Halobetasol Propionate
Definition
Ultravate (R)

corticosteroid
VERY high potency
Term
Fluticasone Proprionate
Definition
corticosteroid

Flonase (R) - nasal spray, takes up to 12 hours, use with vasoconstrictor to open up nasal passage if nose is too stuffed to breathe in)

Flovent (R) - inhaler for chronic asthma, uses propellant CFC (chlorofluorocarbon - env. problems)

Flovent HFA (R) - uses propellant HFA (hydrofluoroalkane)
Term
Fluticasone Furoate
Definition
Veramist (R)

corticosteroid
intranasal
Term
Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate
Definition
Nasonex (R) - nasal spray
Asmanex (R) - inhalation
Twisthaler (R) - inhalation powder

corticosteroid
Term
Ciclesonide
Definition
Omnaris (R) and Alvesco (R)

corticosteroid
1-2 sprays in each nostril 3 times a day
Term
Flunisolide
Definition
Nasarel (R), AeroSpan (R), AeroBid (R), Aerobid M (R)

corticosteroid
Nasarel - nasal spray
Aero - inhalation
Span - lowest strength
Bid- slightly higher strength
Bid M - menthol flavor
Term
Difluprednate
Definition
Duprezol (R)

corticosteroid
ophthalmic emulsion
Term
Flucinolone Acetonide
Definition
corticosteroid
ophthalmic implant
Term
Fluorometholone
Definition
corticosteorid
ophthalmic ointment or suspension
Term
Lotoprednol Etabonate
Definition
Alrex(R) and Lotemax (R)

corticosteroid
ophthalmic suspension
Term
Prednisolone Ophthalmic
Definition
Pred Forte (R)

corticosteroid
sodium phosphate forms of prednisolone
Term
Rimexolone
Definition
Vexol (R)
corticosteroid
opthalmic suspension
Term
Cholelithiasis


Chole
Lithe
Iasis
Definition
formation of stonesin gallbladder


Chole - gall bladder
Lith - stone
Iasis - formation of
Term
Salivary
Definition
saliva
Term
Billiary


Bill
Definition
relating to bile (yellowish brown or green fluid secreted by liver and discharged into duodenum where it aids in emulsification of fats, increases peristalsis, and reatrds putrefaction)


Bill - bile
Term
Gastroenterology


Gastro
Definition
medical specialty concerned with function/disorders of stomach and intestine


Gastro - stomach
Term
Gastric
Definition
stomach
Term
Enteric
Definition
intestine
Term
Enteritis
Definition
inflammation of intestine (esp small intestine)
Term
Mesenteric


Mes
Definition
mesentary (double layer of peritoneum attaching stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen to posterior wall of abdomen)


Mes - middle
Term
Gastrocele


Cele
Definition
hernia (protrusion of organ/tissue out of body cavity) of stomach


Cele - hollow cavity/space
Term
Colon
Definition
large intestine
Term
Colonoscopy


Scopy
Definition
procedure for examining interior of colon and rectum using colonoscope introduced through anus and guided up to look for polyps


Scopy - picture
Term
Colostomy
Definition
surgery in which part of colon is brought through abdominal wall to drain or decompress the intestine
temporary or permanent
appliance is usually worm over colostomy opening to prevent soiling of clothes (colostomy bag)
Term
Gastrotomy
Definition
procedure using abdominal surgery in which stomach is opened to allow inspection
Term
Amylase


Ase
Definition
enz that occurs in saliva and pancreatic juice to aid digestion of starch


Ase - enz
Term
Lipase
Definition
enz produced by pancreas and glands of small intestine to break down fats into glycerol and FA during digestion
Term
Protease
Definition
proteolytic digestive enz that causes break-down of proteins
Term
Lactase
Definition
enz secreted by glands of small intestine that converts lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose
Term
Gingivitis


Ging
Definition
inflammation of gums caused by plaque on teeth (gums swell and bleed easily)


Ging - gum tissue
Term
Hepatitis


Hep
Definition
inflammation of liver caused by virus, hepatotoxic substances, and immunological abnormalities


Hep - liver
Term
Hepatitis A
Definition
viral disease transmitted by food or drink
occurs in areas of poor sanitation
15-40 day incubation period
fever followed by jaundice
serious complication is unusual
Term
Hepatitis B
Definition
viral disease transmitted by infected blood through contaminated needles, transfusions, sexual contact, or tattoo needles
1-6 month
Term
Hepatitis C
Definition
viral disease transmitted via blood transfusion and by contaminated needles of drug users
resembles Hep B
Term
Pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of pancreas
if acute - severe pain in upper abdomen and back
Term
Hepatoma
Definition
malignant tumor of liver
rare in normal livers, but often develops in pt with cirrhosis ESP after hep B infection
Term
Dysphagia
Definition
condition in which action of swallowing is either difficult to perform or painful
swallowed material seems to be held up in its passage to stomach

AKA aphagia
Term
Pneumogastric
Definition
relating to lungs and stomach
Term
Ipratropium Bromide
Definition
Atrovent (R)

Tropium (alt to terol SABA -- bronchodilator for asthma)
solution for inhalation, aerosol, and nasal spray
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma
Term
Ipratropium bromide + Albuterol Sulfate
Definition
Combivent (R)

Tropium (alt to terol SABA - bronchodilator) combo product
inhalation
Term
Tiotropium Bromide
Definition
Spiriva (R)

Tropium (alt to terol SABA - bronchodilator)
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma
powdered capsules for inhalation via HandHaler (R) device
Term
Salmeterol Xinafoate
Definition
Severent (R) Diskus

Terol LABA
twice a day
onset is 15-20 minutes
indication - asthma and EIB (exercise induced bronchospasm)
Term
Formoterol Fumarate
Definition
Foradil (R) and Perforomist (R)

Terol LABA
Foradil (R) is a powder capsule
Perforomist (R) is a liquid aerosol - quicker onset
Term
Arformoterol Tartrate
Definition
Brovana (R)

Terol LABA
approved for COPD
off-label for asthma
Term
Fluticasone w. Salmeterol
Definition
Advair (R) Diskus, Advair (R) HFA

Combo Terol LABA
varying strengths of corticosteroid
Term
Budesonide w. Formoterol
Definition
Symbicort (R) HFA

Combo Terol LABA
various strengths of corticosteroids
Term
Mometasone Furoate w. Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate
Definition
Dulera (R)

Combo Terol LABA
varying strengths of corticosteroid
Term
Montelukast Sodium
Definition
Singulair (R)

Lukast (long-term control - asthma and COPD)
Pregnancy Category C
Indicated for Asthma, EIC (exercise induced bronchospasm), and allergic rhinitis
Tablet 5 & 10 mg
Chewable tablet and granules (sprinkle over food -- for kids)
Once a day at night
Term
Zafirlukast
Definition
Accolate (R)

Lukast (long-term control option - asthma and COPD)
tablets of 10 & 20 mg
twice a day on empty stomach
Term
Zileuton
Definition
Zyflo (R) and Zyflo ER (R)

Lukast (long-term control - asthma and COPD)
indicated for asthma (aspirin-sensitive)
twice a day with mean
Term
Omalizumab
Definition
Xolair (R)

anti-IgE (biotech - $$$)
"mab" -- monoclonal antibody (biotech)
lyophilized powder reconstituted for SQ injection at doctor's office
Administered every 2-4 weeks
regulates immune system
indicated for moderate - severe asthma when other drugs don't work
NOT RESCUE DRUG (same applies to LABA and LUKAST)
not for kids under 12 y.o.
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
old drug for asthma
classic drug for asthma
rapid-onset inhalation relief for acute bronchospasm attacks
short-acting and needs repeated doses
side effects
Term
Primatene Mist Inhaler (OTC)
Definition
old drug for asthma
not recommended to treat asthma but available
removed bc propellant CFC (new HFA will soon be available)
Term
Ephedrine Sulfate
Definition
old drug for asthma
Primatene tablets for bronchodilation
BTC in some places bc contains methamphetamine
Term
Theophlline
Definition
old drug for asthma
p.o. and injection
Term
Aminophyline (Theophylline ethylenediamine)
Definition
old asthma drug
derivative of theophylline
replaced bc lots of DDIs and is NTI
Term
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Definition
Benadryl (R) and Triaminic (R)

1st generation antihistamine
Historic - 1940s
mainly generic and OTC today (only injectable isn't OTC)
dose around 50 mg
GOOD for hypersensitivity rxn (ex. bee sting)
GOOD for motion sickness (injectable is better than p.o.)
anti-tussive
Parkinson's pt
OTC used for sleep
Term
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
Definition
ChlorTrimeton (R)

1st generation antihistamine
same as Benadryl (R) but NOT available injectable
Term
Promethazine Hydrochloride
Definition
Phenergan (R)

1st generation antihistamine
not available OTC but mostly available generic
p.o. (solid/syrup), suppositories, and injections
Treats N&V
anti-tussive (ESP combo w. expectorants)
Term
Hydroxyzine HCl or Pamoate
Definition
Vistaril (R)

1st generation antihistamine
only Rx
p.o. and injectable
Term
Clemastine Fumarate
Definition
Tavist (R)

1st generation antihistamine
Available generic and OTC
ONLY p.o.
treats hives
Term
Loratadine
Definition
Claritin (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
sedating in high doses
1st 2nd gen to become OTC (2002)
p.o tablets and ODT tablets (orally disintegrating tablets - dissolve in mouth) and syrup
Term
Desloratadine
Definition
Clarinex (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
metabolite of Loratadine - patent protection
same indication of Loratadine and no clinical advantage
Term
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride
Definition
Allegra (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
recently became available as OTC
ESP useful if pt is worried about sedation effects (non-drowsy even in high doses)
Allegra-D (R) - combo w. vaso-constrictor for nasal decongestant
Term
Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Definition
Zyrtec (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
racemic
OTC
Zyrtec D (R) available for nasal decongestant
Term
Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride
Definition
Xyzal (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
biologically active enantiomer of Zyrtec - for patent!
no clinical advantage over Zyrtec
Term
Azelastine Hydrochloride
Definition
Astepro (R) and Optivar (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
Astepro (R) is nasal spray for S.A.R
Optivar (R) is ophthalmic solution for allergic conjuncitivis
Term
Olapatadine Hydrochloride
Definition
Patanol (R) and Patanase (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
Patanol - ophthalmic solution for allergic conjuntivitis and itchy eyes - used once or twice a day
Patanase - nasal spray
Term
Bepotastine besilate
Definition
Bepreve (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
Rx only
ophthalmic solution
Term
Alcaftadine
Definition
Lastacaft (R)

2nd generation antihistamine
newest 2nd gen - Rx only
Ophthalmic solution
Claims you only need to administer once a day
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