Term
| what are the down sides of antimycobacterials |
|
Definition
the microbes are becoming resistant to them
they work very slowly |
|
|
Term
| what are the categories of mycobaterium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does TB infect, how is it transmitted |
|
Definition
infects the lungs
infected droplets are inhaled and bacilli are ingested by macrophages
macrophages fuse to form tubercles
tubercles ruputure and spread bacteria into the blood |
|
|
Term
| what does a TB infection do to the body |
|
Definition
pulmonary tissue damage, inflammation, necrosis
respiratory failure, pleural effusion, hrmorrhage, pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical presentation of TB (11) |
|
Definition
productive cought >3 weeks with blood
low grade fever at night, night sweats
airway obstruction due to node involvement
fatigue, malaise, dyspenia, orthopena
tachycardia
weight loss |
|
|
Term
| what drugs can be used to treat TB (8) |
|
Definition
| isoniazid, rifampin, pyrasinamide, ethambutol, streptymycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifabutin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| targets enzyme for mycolic acid assembly (reason for acid fast) |
|
|
Term
| isoniazid antibacterial spectrum |
|
Definition
bacteriosatis for bacilli in stationary phase
bacteriocidial for rapidly dividiing bacilli (SPECIFICALLY TB) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to deletion of gene that codes for catalyase which activates isoniazid (meaning its a pro drug) |
|
|
Term
| isoniazid pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
oral, penetrates cells
metabolized by N-acetylation and hydrolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyperuricemia in 100% of pt increasing hte chance of gout
myalgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits synthesis of arabinogalacrin (mycobacterial cell wall part |
|
|
Term
| ethambuton sntimicrobial spectrum |
|
Definition
| specific for TB and m. knsasii (only mycobacterium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rare when ised in combinaton with other agents |
|
|
Term
| ethambuton pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ethambutom adverse effects (5) |
|
Definition
optic neuritis
decreased visual acuity (get eye exams)
red/green, red/blue color blindness
retinal damage (with prolonged use)
hyperuricemia in 50% pt increasing the liklihood of gout |
|
|
Term
| streptomycin drug category, what does this mian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| streptymycin antimicrobial spectrum |
|
Definition
TB, aeruginosa, taularemia, UTI (E. coli)
works on lots, of gram negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased uptake of the drug by bacteria, altered affinity for the 30S subunit of streptomycin |
|
|
Term
| streptomycin pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effects streptomycin |
|
Definition
ototoxocity and nephrotoxicity
neuromuscular paralysis |
|
|
Term
| dose limiter streptomycin |
|
Definition
| ototoxicity and nephrotoxocity |
|
|
Term
| what are the alternative drugs for TB |
|
Definition
injectable aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones
rifapentine: like rifampin |
|
|
