Term
|
Definition
-direct acting adrenomimetic
-low oral bioavailability and short half life
-EPi can be used for hemorrhage from minor cuts by binding to alpha 1
-Epi used for combination with local anesthetics
-used for AV block; V-fib |
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|
Term
|
Definition
direct acting adrenomimetic
prodrug converted into epinephrine
topical, ophthalmic agent |
|
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Term
|
Definition
direct acting adrenomimetic
activates dopamine, B1, alpha receptors
use in distributive shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha one selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic
nasal decongestant
short duration of action
used for PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
-used for dilation pupil without cycloplegia (paralysis ciliary m.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha one selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic
nasal decongestant
long duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha one selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic
nasal decongestant
long duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha one selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha two selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic
topical-eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha two selective agonist
direct acting adrenomimetic
topical-eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-selective beta agonist
Better than dobutamine for decreasing PVR
used for AV block |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B1 agonist; can also activate B2 to a lesser degree
used in cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
| which drug will have a greater effect on lowering PVR (isoproterenol or dobutamine)? |
|
Definition
| isoproternol; more activity on B2 receptors-->vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| MOA of direct acting adrenomimetics? |
|
Definition
| directly activate adrenergic receptors |
|
|
Term
| what would be the advantage of vasoconstricting blood vessels in the area where a local anesthetic is applied? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the problem with chronic use of alpha agonists? |
|
Definition
rebound nasal congestion
chronic activation of alpha1 receptor on the nasal mucosa causes down regulation of the receptor; when the drug is stopped, there is insufficient endogenous NE to activate the few receptors that remain; this causes rebound nasal congestion |
|
|
Term
what's effect of Epi on angioedema (swelling in SubQ tissue cuases non-piting edema)
anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
| alpha1-constricts capillary beds; counteracts the dilation and increased vascular permeability of capillaries |
|
|
Term
| what's epi effect on bronchoconstriction (in relation to anaphylaxis)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's epi effect on pruritis, urticaria (from anaphylaxis)? |
|
Definition
| beta-suppress release of mediators from mast cells |
|
|
Term
| what's epi effect on hypotension (from anaphylaxis)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is NE not the drug of choice for anaphylaxis? |
|
Definition
little effect on bronchoconstriction
NE doesn't bind to Beta2 very well |
|
|
Term
| why does standing on your head cardiovert SVT? |
|
Definition
| increases vagal outflow and slows down AV nod to break the circle to get normal sinus rhythm |
|
|
Term
| PSVT treatment with alpha1 agonist summary |
|
Definition
| main form PSVT is AV nodeal reentry; blocking or slowingdown the AV node will stop this arrhythmia; PE will cause vasoconstriction and increase bp, which is sensed by the baroreceptors, which increase PS activity to the heart; activation of M recpetors on the AV node, slows the AV node, thereby stopping the arrhythmia; this effect (increasing PS stimulation to the heart and stopping PSVT) can be mimicked by vagal maneuvers |
|
|
Term
| what's the problem with using PE (phenylephrine)to treat PSVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-direct acting adrenomimetic
-low oral bioavailability and short half life
-NE used for hypovolemic and distributive (e.g. septic) shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct activating adrenomimetic
Beta2 selective agonist
-used for asthma/COPD
-short duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct activating adrenomimetic
Beta2 selective agonist
-used for asthma/COPD
-used for premature labor (activates uterine smooth muscle relaxtion and stops uterine contractions)
don't use:
-parenteral form for prevention of preterm labor or treatment of preterm labor beyond 48-72 hour
-oral form for preterm labor
-short duration of action
MI, arrhythmia, tachcardia/death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct activating adrenomimetic
Beta2 selective agonist
-used for asthma/COPD
-long duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta2 selective agonist
-used for asthma/COPD
-long duration of action |
|
|
Term
| what's the advantage of giving albuterol vs. epi/isoproterenol to treat asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contraindications for direct acting adrenomimetics? |
|
Definition
| CV disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what's the MOA for diret acting adrenomimetics? |
|
Definition
| directly activate adrenergic receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indirect acting adrenomimetics
-NOT A DRUG
-comes from gut bacteria and fermented food
metabolized by MAO
-promotes release of NE from sympathetic nerve terminal |
|
|
Term
| what happens if pereson is takin a drug that inhibits the activity of MAO ahd eats a lot of cheese and drinks a lot of beer? |
|
Definition
| BP increases and go into hypertensive crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed acting adrenomimetic
-releases NE from nerve terminal
-activates alpha and beta receptors
-crosses BBB
-used fpr asthma, COPD, nasal congestion
-adverse effects: excessive simtulation B1 results in stroke, MI, sudden death; CNS-insomnia, nervousness, anxiety |
|
|
Term
| what classes of drugs are used for nasal congestion? |
|
Definition
| alpha agonists; ephedrine (mixed acting adrenomimetic) |
|
|
Term
| ephedrine seldom used to treat asthma; why? |
|
Definition
| side effects and development of B2 agonists |
|
|
Term
| FDA ban on ephedrine alkaloids doesn't contain? |
|
Definition
OTC or prescriptoin drugs that contain ephedrine alkaloids or synthetic ephedrine (mild asthma, nasal decongestant)
-doesn't include use ephedra in traditional asian medicine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed acting adrenomimetics
-directly activates alpha and to lesser extent B
-release NE from nerve terminal
-less CNS effectts than ephedrine
-used as nasal decongestant |
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|
