Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharm 8 - Anticholinergics
pharmacology of atropine and related drugs
91
Pharmacology
Professional
02/14/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the prototype nonselective muscarinic antagonist?
Definition
atropine
Term
atropine is the prototype...
Definition
nonselective muscarinic antagonist
Term
Which antimuscarinics treat Parkinson's?
Definition
benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
Term
benztropine, trihexyphenidyl - used for what?
Definition
parkinson's
Term
Which drug is used for motion sickness?
Definition
scopolamine
Term
scopolamine is used for...
Definition
motion sickness
Term
which drugs are used to produce mydriasis and cyclopeglia?
Definition
atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
Term
atropine, homatropine and tropicamide produce...
Definition
mydriasis and cycloplegia
Term
which drugs produce bronchodilation in asthma and COPD?
Definition
ipratropium
Term
what is ipratropium used for?
Definition
bronchodilation in asthma and copd
Term
Which drugs are used to reduce transient hypermotility of the GI tract?
Definition
dicyclomine, methscopolamine
Term
dicyclomine and methscopolamine are used for...
Definition
transient GI hypermotility
Term
Which drugs are used for cystitis, postop bladder spasm or stress incontinence?
Definition
oxybutynin, dicyclomine, tolterodine
Term
oxybutynin, tolterodine and dicyclomine are used for...
Definition
postop bladder spasm, cystitis, stress incontinence
Term
Tox of anticholinergics?
Definition
block SLUD - salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
Term
mnemonic for anticholinergic tox?
Definition
dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat
Term
Contraindications for anticholinergics?
Definition
infants (fever), closed angle glaucoma, prostate problems
Term
prototype ganglion blocker?
Definition
hexamethonium
Term
what is the limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that pts are usually unable to tolerate?
Definition
severe HTN
Term
What is used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade?
Definition
AchE inhibitors
Term
curare-related drugs are...
Definition
nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
Term
Which are the shorter acting nondepolarizing NMJ blockers?
Definition
pan, atra and vecuronium
Term
Which NMJ blocker is depolarizing? What does it cause, besides paralysis?
Definition
succinylcholine, fasciculations during inductions and muscle pain after use
Term
Which drug is used to treat toxicity from insecticides like parathion?
Definition
pralidoxime
Term
What is pralidoxime used for?
Definition
insecticide toxicity
Term
Name a motion sickness drug
Definition
scopolamine
Term
Scopolamine - MOA?
Definition
unknown MOA in the CNS
Term
what are the effects of scopolamine?
Definition
reduces vertigo, postop nausea
Term
which drug reduces vertigo and postop nausea?
Definition
scopolamine
Term
clinical applications of scopolamine?
Definition
prevention of motion sickness and postop nausea and vomiting
Term
How is scopolamine given? Toxicity?
Definition
transdermal patch for motion sickness, IM for postop nausea/vomiting. Tox: tachy, blurred vision, xerostomia, delirium. Interactions with other antimuscarinics
Term
name some drugs used for GI disorders
Definition
dicyclomine, hyoscyamine, glycopyrrolate
Term
what are dicyclomine, hyoscyamine and glycopyrrolate used for?
Definition
GI disorders
Term
dicyclomine- MOA?
Definition
competitive antagonist at M3
Term
which drug is a competitive antagonist at M3 recepts?
Definition
dicyclomine
Term
what are the effects of dicyclomine?
Definition
reduces smooth muscle and secretory activity of gut
Term
which drug reduces smooth muscle and secretory activity of the guy?
Definition
dicyclomine
Term
clinical applications for dicyclomine?
Definition
IBS, minor diarrhea
Term
which drug is used for IBS and minor diarrhea?
Definition
dicyclomine
Term
How is dicyclomine given? Tox?
Definition
oral and parenteral, Tox - tachy, confusion, urinary retention, ^ IOP, interactions with other antimuscarinics
Term
How does hyoscyamine compare to dicyclomine?
Definition
longer DOA (dicyclomine DOA -up to 6 hrs)
Term
glycopyrrolate is similar to ...
Definition
dicyclomine
Term
which drug is like dicyclomine but has a longer DOA?
Definition
hyoscyamine
Term
atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, cyclopentolate and tropicamide are used for what GENERAL application?
Definition
ophthalmology
Term
which anticholinergic drugs are used in ophthalmology?
Definition
atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide
Term
atropine - MOA?
Definition
competitive antagonist at all M recepts
Term
which drug is a competitive antagonist at all M recepts?
Definition
atropine
Term
effects of atropine used ophthalmologically?
Definition
mydriasis and cycloplegia
Term
applications of atropine (optho)?
Definition
retinal exam, prevention of synechiae after surgery
Term
Which drug is used for retinal exam and prevention of synechiae after surgery?
Definition
atropine
Term
ophtho - how is atropine given? DOA? Tox?
Definition
given as drops, 5-6d, ^ IOP, interactions with other antimuscarinics
Term
ophtho - how does scopolamine compare to atropine?
Definition
faster onset of action
Term
ophtho - name a drug with a faster onset of action than atropine
Definition
scopolamine
Term
ophtho - how does homotropine compare to atropine?
Definition
shorter DOA - 12-24 hrs
Term
name an ophtho drug with a 12-24hr DOA
Definition
homatropine
Term
ophtho - how does cyclopentolate compare to atropine?
Definition
shorter DOA - 3-5 hrs
Term
ophtho - name a drug with a 3-5hr DOA
Definition
cyclopentolate
Term
ophtho - how does tropicamide compare to atropine?
Definition
much shorter DOA - 15-60min
Term
ophtho - name a drug with a 15-60min DOA
Definition
tropicamide
Term
Name drugs used for respiratory purposes
Definition
ipratropium, tiotropium
Term
ipratropium and tiptropium are used for...
Definition
respiratory (asthma, COPD)
Term
ipratropium - MOA?
Definition
competitive, nonselective antag at M recepts
Term
effects of ipratropium?
Definition
reduce or prevent bronchospasm
Term
which drug reduces or prevents bronchospasm?
Definition
ipratropium
Term
clinical applications for ipratropium?
Definition
prevention and relief of acute episodes of bronchospasm
Term
which drug is used for prevention and relief of acute episodes of bronchospasm?
Definition
ipratropium
Term
how is ipratropium given? tox?
Definition
aerosol canister, up to qid, tox - cough, xerostomia
Term
how does tiotropium compare to ipratropium?
Definition
longer DOA, used qday
Term
name some drugs used for urinary problems
Definition
oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine, trospium
Term
oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine, and trospium are used for...
Definition
urinary problems
Term
MOA of oxybutynin?
Definition
nonselective muscarinic antag
Term
effects of oxybutynin?
Definition
reduce detrusor muscle tone and spasms
Term
which drug reduces detrusor muscle tone and spasms?
Definition
oxybutynin
Term
clinical applications for oxybutynin?
Definition
urge incontinence, postop spasms
Term
which drug is used for urge incontinence and postop bladder spasms?
Definition
oxybutynin
Term
how is oxybutynin given? tox?
Definition
oral, IV or patch - tox - tachy, constipation, ^ IOP, xerostomia, pruritis (patch)
Term
how do darifenacin, solifenacin and tolterodine compare to oxybutynin?
Definition
tertiary amines with somewhat greater selectivity for M3 receps
Term
What are the tertiary amine drugs with greater M3 affinity for M3 receptors compared to oxybutynin?
Definition
darifenacin, solifenacin and tolterodine
Term
how does trospium compare to oxybutynin?
Definition
quaternary amine with less CNS effect
Term
Which drug is a quaternary amine with less CNS effect compared to oxybutynin?
Definition
trospium
Term
effects of atropine in cholinergic poisoning?
Definition
blocks muscarinic excess at exocrine glands, heart and smooth muscle
Term
which drug blocks muscarinic excess at exocrine glands, heart and smooth muscle?
Definition
atropine
Term
which drug is a mandatory antidote for severe cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
Definition
atropine
Term
how is atropine given for cholinergic poisoning?
Definition
IV infusion until anti-cholinergic signs appear
Term
MOA of pralidoxime?
Definition
very high affinity for phosphorus atom but does not enter CNS
Term
which drug has a very high affinity for the phosphorus atom of organophosphates, but does not enter the CNS?
Definition
pralidoxime
Term
effects of pralidoxime?
Definition
regenerates active AchE, can relieve skeletal muscle end plate block
Term
which drug regenerates active AchE and can relieve skeletal muscle end plate blockade?
Definition
pralidoxime
Term
which drug is the usual antidote for early stage (48 hr) cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
Definition
pralidoxime
Term
clinical application for pralidoxime?
Definition
antidote for early stage (48 hr) cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Term
how is pralidoxime given? tox?
Definition
intravenous every 4-6 hr, can cause muscle weakness in overdose
Supporting users have an ad free experience!