Term
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
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Definition
| Captopril, Enelapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril, Quinapril, Trandolapril, Lisinopril |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) active drug to active metabolite (captopril); 2) prodrug to active metabolite (enalapril/ramipril) 3) active drug unchanged (lisinopril) |
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Term
| ACE inhibitor information |
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Definition
| HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, MI {Angioedema (black), agranulocytosis, neutropenia, cough, edema, hypotension, rash gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, proteinuria} [Angioedema, renal artery stenosis, renal failure, pregnancy] Allopurinol may precipitate hypersensitivity. Delay contractile dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy |
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Term
| Cause of cough in ACE inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AT1 receptor blockers) |
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Definition
| Candesartan, Irbesartan, Losartan, Temisartan, Valsartan. May also increase vasorelaxant AT2 receptor activity |
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Term
| Angiotensin receptor blocker information |
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Definition
| HTN, Diabetic Nephropathy, HF, MI, Stroke prophylaxis {Thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, angioedema, Hypotension, diarrhea, asthenia, dizziness} [Renal artery stenosis, Pregnancy] Combination with ACE inhibitors for HF survival. Good for ACEI hypersensivitity. |
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Term
| B-type natriuretic peptides |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acutely decompensated heart failure {Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, renal dysfunction, headache, confusion, somnolence, tremor, pruritus, nausea} [Cardiogenic shock, systolic < 90] decreases systemic vascular resistance. Increased risk of renal dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases cGMP by binding guanylyl cyclase receptor causing smooth muscle relaxation |
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Term
| Vasopressin Receptor 2 (V2) antagonists |
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Definition
| Conivaptan, Lixivaptan, Tolvaptan |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents vasopressin-stimulated water resorption in apical membrane of collecting duct cells |
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Term
| V2 (ADH) blocker information |
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Definition
| Euvolemic hyponatremia, SIADH, HF, cirrhotic ascites, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney {atrial fibrillation, orthostatic hypotension, HTN, edema, hypokalemia, thirst, dyspepsia, headache, polyuria} [CYP450 3A4 inhibitors, hyovolemia hyponatremia] |
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Term
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Definition
| IV, non-selective between V1 and V2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Orally available, V2 selective V2 blockers, approval anticipated |
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Term
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption at proximal-tubule cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase II and luminal carbonic anhydrase IV |
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Term
| Acetazolamide Information |
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Definition
| High-altitude sickness, HP, epilepsy, glaucoma (Metabolic Acidosis, sufonamide adversia, diarrhea, weight and appetite loss, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, paresthesia, somnolence, polyuria) [Adrenal gland failure, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, cirrhosis, hyponatremia/hypokalemia, hypoerchloremia acidosis, hepatic/renal disease] |
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Term
| Acetazolamide Considerations |
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Definition
| Metabolic acidosis, reduces secretion of aqueous humor, mountain sickness, alkalinize urin increasing exretion of acids like aspirin. Treatment of hyperuricemia or gout. Aspirin increases acetazolamide (CNS toxicity) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebral edema, increased intraocular pressure, renal failure oliguria prophylaxis {Bhrombophlebitis, acidosis, seizure, urinary retention, pulmonary edema, hypotension, palpitations, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, nausea, rhinitis} [Anuria, dehydration, HF, pulmonary congestion, renal dysfunction] Vigoruos natriuresis, water loss causes hypernatremia, compartment syndrome or increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic Acid |
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Term
| Loop Diuretics Information |
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Definition
| HTN, Acute pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, Edema w/ HT, cirrhosis, renal dysfunction {Hypotension, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson, pancreatitis, aplastic/hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, ototoxicity, alkalosis, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, spasticity, headache, glycosura} [Sulfonamides (except ethacrynic acid), Anuria, aminoglycosides] |
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Term
| Most powerful loop diuretic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NHCC2 in luminal membrance of thick ascending limb |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrochloro/Bendroflume/Hydroflume/Poly-thiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide |
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Term
| Thiazide Diuretics Information |
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Definition
| HTN, edema states with HF, cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, corticosteroids and estrogen {arrhythmia, Stevens-Johnson, toxic epidermal necrolysis, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, SLE, hypotension, photosensitivity, vasculitis, hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis, hypoerglycemia, hyperuricemia, dyspepsia, headache, impotence, blurred vision, restlessness} [anuria, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, QT prolonging agents] first-line for hypertension, synergistic with loops. Diminish hypercalciuria. Paradoxical urine decrease in diabetic nephropathy |
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Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide Complication |
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Definition
| decreases glucose tolerance, potentially unmasking diabetes |
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Term
| Potassium Sparing (Collecting Duct) Diuretics |
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Definition
| Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Amiloride, Triamterene |
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Term
| Spirololactone, Eplerenone MOA |
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Definition
| inhibit aldosterone action preventing nuclear translocation of mineralocorticoid receptor |
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Term
| Amiloride, Triampterene MOA |
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Definition
| inhibit principal cell apical ENaC sodium channel |
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Term
| Spironolactone, Eplerenone |
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Definition
| HTN, Hypokalemia, primary aldosteronism, edema w/ HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome {Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis, GI hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, SLE, breast cancer?, gynecomastia, dyspepsia, lethargy, abnormal menstruation, impotence, rash} [anuria, hyperkalemia, renal insufficency] Inhibit cardiac fibrosis |
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Term
| Spironolactone (but not eplerenone) |
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Definition
| Acne vulgatis, female hirsutism {impotence and gynecomastic more pronounced} |
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Term
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Definition
| HTN, Liddle syndrome {Hematopoietic disease, hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis, nephrotoxicity for triamterene, orthostatic hypotension, hypoerkalemia, dyspepsia, headache} [Same as aldosterone blocking diuretics] |
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