Term
|
Definition
| Pain, Mechanically ventilated analgesia [Asthma, paralytic ileus, hypoventilation, upper airway obstruction] Metabolized in liver, active M6G secreted by kidney, epidurals used |
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Term
| Mu-opioid receptor agonists |
|
Definition
| Morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid Adversia plus seizure} [Premature delivery, premature infants] antitussive and antidiarrheal. Quinidine inhibits bioactivation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| {Respiratory depression, hypotension, confusion, addiction, constipation, nausea, vomiting, sedation} |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid Adversia} More effective than other opioid agonists |
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Term
| Synthetic mu-opioid agonists |
|
Definition
| Methadone, Fetanyl, Alfentanil, Sufentanil, Ramifentanil, Meperidine, Lovorphanol, Propoxyphene |
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Term
|
Definition
| Detoxification, Severe Pain {Opioid adversia} Long duration of action useful for cancer patients |
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|
Term
| Fentanyl, Alfentanil, Sufentanil |
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid adversia} Transdermal formulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| More powerful than morphine and sufentanil but less than alfentanil |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain, Adjunct to general anesthesia {Opioid adversia plus rigitidy} [Avoid epidural/intrathecal causing neurotoxicity] rapid metabolism and elimination |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid Adversia plus euphoria and mydriasis} [MAOI recently] normeperidine metabolite causes CNS excitability and seizures. Renal excretion. Avoid selegiline or sibutramine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid Adversia} IV and oral |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain {Opioid Adversia} related to methadone, mild centrally acting. Increases carbamazepine. No longer available. |
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|
Term
| Partial mu-receptor agonists |
|
Definition
| Butorphanol and buprenorphine |
|
|
Term
| Butorphanol, Buprenorphine |
|
Definition
| Pain, adjunct to balanced anesthesia {Hyotension, palpitations, tinnitus, respiratory depression, URI, dizziness, sedation, insomnia} [Hypersensitivity] Milder euphoria, intranasal spray and IV |
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Term
| Kappa-agonists but mild mu-antagonist |
|
Definition
| Pain, adjunct to balanced anesthesia {Respiratory depression, hypersensitivity frequently, sweating nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation} [Hypersensitivity] may precipitate withdrawal from addicts |
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Term
| Opioid Receptor Antagonists |
|
Definition
| Naloxone, Naltrexone, Alvimopan |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute opioid toxicity {Cardiac arrhythmia, HTN, hypotension, pulmonary edema, withdrawal} combination with yohimbine increases withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opioid/alcohol additions {Cardiac arrhythmia, HTN, hypotension, pulmonary edema, withdrawal, DNT, PE} [Liver insufficiency] |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Post-operative ileus or opioid bowl disfunction {diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, nervousness, polyuria, elevated LFTs} [Hypersensitivity] Targets peripheral receptors. May prevent morphine constipation but not analgesia |
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|
Term
| NMDA Receptor Antagonists |
|
Definition
| Analgesia, dissociative anesthesia {HTN, tachyarrhythmia, myoclonus, respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, hallucinations, vivid dreams psychiatric symptoms} [HTN] Good for acute severe pain, bad dreams. Increases sympathetics |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cough, Neuropathic pain {Dizziness, somnolence, fatigue} [MAOI] Risk of serotonin syndrome so avoid selegiline and sibutramnine |
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