Term
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Definition
Direct Parasympathomimetic 4 (quaternary)
Muscarinic and Nicotinic agonist
Clinical Uses: topically for Open Angle Glaucoma.
Problem: cardiac depression, broncho-constriction and increased secretions, contraindicated in pregnancy
DOA: short |
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Term
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Definition
Direct Parasympathomimetic 4 (quaternary)
Muscarinic agonist
Clinical Uses: DOC: Post-Op Urinary retention. Paralytic ileus (prokinetic)
Problem: cardiac depression, broncho-constriction and increased secretions, contraindicated in pregnancy
DOA: 1 hour PO, 2 hrs SQ |
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Term
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Definition
Direct Parasympathomimetic 3
Muscarinic agonist
Clinical Uses: DOC: Topically open angle glaucoma, Lacrimation, alternatively with atropine to break iridolenticular adhesion, counteracts mydriatic drugs
Problems: Cyclospasm, eye congestion, cardiac depression, bronchoconstriction, contraindicated in pregnancy
DOA: 3 hours |
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Term
| Indirect-acting parasympathomimetics; Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors |
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Definition
| Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Edrophonium, Pyridostigmine, Demecarium |
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Term
| Direct Acting Parasympathomimetics |
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Definition
| Carbachol, Bethanechol, Pilocarpine |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect parasympathomimetic 3
Reversible inhibition of ACHase
Clinical use: DOC: Treat atropine poisoning, open angle glaucoma
Problems: contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma, seizure
DOA: 1-2 hrs IV, 12-36 hrs topically |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect parasympathomimetic 4
Reversible inhibition of ACHase
CLinical uses: antagonize effects of non depolarizing muscle relaxants, Dx and Tx of Myesthenia gravis, Tx of paralytic ileus and post op urinary retention. Also used as alternative to bethanacol
Problems: contraindicated in depolarizing muscle relaxants (do not use with succinylcholine)
DOA: 3 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect parasympathomimetic 4
Reversible inhibition of ACHase
Clinical Use: DOC: Dx of Myasthenia gravis
DOA: 10 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect parasympathomimetic 4
Reversible inhibition of ACHase
Clinical Use: DOC Tx of Myasthenia gravis
DOA: 5 hours |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect parasympathomimetic
Reversible inhibition of ACHase
Clinical uses: open-angle glaucoma, causes miosis
Used: topically 12-48 hrs |
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Term
| Isoflurophate/ Echothiophate |
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Definition
Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors
Irreversible ACHase inhibition
Clinical Uses: Open angle glaucoma, miosis
Problems: more adverse effects than other topicals, tolerance, systemic toxicity (use Atropine and 2PAM, antidote)
DOA: long |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic, 3 antimuscarinic (competitive muscarinic antagonist)
Clinical uses: DOC: Bradycardiaand incomplete AV block., Cyclospasm, Preanesthetic, parasympathomimetic poisoning, GI antispasmotic
Problems:Tachycardia, blurred vision, mydriasis, cycloplegia, paralytic ileus, xerostoma, urinary retention
DOA: 4-6 hrs orally, 5-6 days topically |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 3
Produces CNS depression at therapeutic doses
DOC: Motion sickness
Opthalmic agent: inces cycloplegia. For uveitis and iritis |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 3
Less side effect than Atropine
Used as GI antispasmodic (IBS) |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 3
Antispasmodic to treat GI spasm in dogs and cats
Oral tablets and inj. (IM or SQ)
Similar side effects to atropine |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 3
Used in adjunct therapy for detrusor hyperreflexia |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 4
Uses: Preanesthetic, brochodilator, GI Antispasmodic (more potent and longer duration as antispasmodic)
Less effects on cardiovascular, and less side effects than Atropine |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 4
blocks m and gang. n receptors.
Uses: GI antispasmodic, urinary incontinence.
Should not be used in patients with myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympatholytic 4
Bronchodilator (more potent than atropine, but need to use with B2 agonist. Use with Albuterol ), does not alter mucociliary clearance--> less decrease in salivation. No CNS effects |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine Sympathomimetic
alpha and Beta agonist
DOC: acute anaphylactic shock
Uses: Brochodilation (in brochospasm), cadiac arrest or complete AV block, vasoconstrictor, open angle glaucoma(decreases aqeous humor)
DOA 1-4 hours
Do not use: imcomplete AV block, closed angle glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, phenothiazine overdose, hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine Sympathomimetic
alpha and beta 1 agonist
Limited Uses: septic shock, Cardiogenic shock, hypotension
Increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increases coronary blood flow
Can cause reflex bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine sympathomimetic
Beta agonist only
Uses: Inhalation for bronchial asthma and parenterally as cardiac stimulant and bronchodilator
Decrease peripheral BP |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine Sympathomimetic
Dopamine, Beta-1, and Alpha by stim. release of NE.
Sensativity: D>B>A
Causes vasodilation of renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral blood vessels
DOC: Increases GFR (great in renal failure)
Uses: Cardiogenic and Septic shock, Congestive heart failure, Oliguric renal failure, to correct mod-severe hypotension due to inhalation anesthetics |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine Sympathomimetic
Mainly Beta-1 (sm. B-2 and A effects)
moderate chronotropic effect.
IV infusion: Cardiogenic shock, mod-severe hypotension due to inhalation anesthetics |
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Term
| 5 Catecholamine Sympathomimetics |
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Definition
| Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Isoproterenol, Dopamine, Dobutamine |
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Term
| Non Catecholamines: Direct and Indirect acting (3) |
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Definition
| Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) |
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Term
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Definition
Non-catecholamine Sympathomimetic
Alpha and Beta Agonist, mostly NE release
Uses: Eye and nasal deongestant, mydriatic, systemically to increase BP, bronchodilator.
Continuous use can cause tachyphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
Non-catecholamine Sympathomimetic
Less CNS side effects
No Bronchodilation at therpaeutic doses
Decongestant with no rebound congestion
Urinary incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
Non-catecholamine Sympathomimetic
Urinary incontinence |
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Term
| Indirect acting sympathomimetics |
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Definition
| Amphetamine, Cocaine, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect acting sympathomimetics
Stimulates release of norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect acting sympathomimetics
Class II, Increases CNS, Interferes with reuptake of NE, used as local anesthetic on the eye |
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Term
| Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Phenelzine) |
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Definition
Indirect-acting Sympathomimetics
Inhibits breakdown of NE |
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Term
| Direct Acting Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics. Alpha-1 Agonists (2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Direct Acting Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics. Alpha-1 Agonists
DOC: Exam eye with open-angle glaucoma
Uses: topically as decongestant for nasal and eye congestion, as a mydriatic, parenterally to increase BP and treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Chronic use can cause rebound nasal congestion. Inhibits GI motility |
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Term
| Direct Acting Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics. Beta-2 Agonists (5) |
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Definition
| Salmeterol, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Metaproterenol, Clenbuterol |
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Term
| Direct Acting Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics. Beta-2 Agonists (descrip.) |
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Definition
Cause: brocnhodilation, stabilization of mast cells, increase mucociliary clearance, cardiac stimulation, vasodilation, uterine relaxation, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia.
Can have tolerance.
Bronchodilators In COPD.
Adverse Effects: Sinus tachycardia, Premature ventricular contractions, CNS Stimulation,tremors/muscle cramps |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Non selective Alpha-blockers (2) |
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Definition
Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine: Detruser areflexia in dogs and cats (to reduce internal sphincter tone), hypertension due to pheochromocytoma, treat urinary retension w/bethanechol and diazepam |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Selective Alpha-blockers |
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Definition
Prazosin - vasodilator
Terazosin
Doxazosin |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Non selective Beta-blockers (8) |
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Definition
| Propanolol, Timolol, Sotalol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Carteolol, levobunolol, metipranolol |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Selective Beta-1 blockers (5) |
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Definition
| Atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol, practolol, betaxolol |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Beta and Alpha-1 blockers |
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Definition
| Carvedilol - antioxidant, inhibits endothelin release |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Non selective Beta-blockers (Description) |
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Definition
Uses: Glaucoma, (CARDIOVASCULAR DZ's) Supraventricular and ventricula tacharrhythmias, myocardial hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, Congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy
Adverse effects:Sudden withdrawl can cause tachyarrhymia, sinus bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, sedation
DOA: several hours |
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Term
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Definition
Sympatholytics: Non selective Beta-blocker
-also blocks Na+ channels so can be used as a local anesthetic |
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Term
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Definition
Sympatholytics: Non selective Beta-blocker
-DOC: chronic glaucoma because no cycloplegia |
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Term
| Sympatholytics: Selective Beta-1 blockers |
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Definition
| Preferred in p with: Bronchial Asthma,Peripheral vascular occusive disease, Diabetes mellitus. Are more effective in decreasing peropheral resistance than non-selevtive Beta blockers |
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Term
| Sympathetic receptors: Alpha-1 |
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Definition
| Stimulation: contaction of smooth m. in vasculature, GI, and Bladder sphinters, radial m. of eye --> Vasoconstriction, closing bladder, Dilation of pupil (Mydiasis) |
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Term
| Sympathetic receptors: Alpha- 2 |
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Definition
| Inhibitory effect: Wall of G.I.T, B cells in Pancreas --> Decrease GIT motility, slow release of Insulin |
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Term
| Sympathetic receptors: Beta-1 |
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Definition
| Stimulation: metabolic functions (lipolysis), all heart: increase TAG in blood, Increase CO, renin release |
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Term
| Sympathetic receptors: Beta-2 |
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Definition
| Inhibitory: relaxation of smooth m. in bronchioles, wall of bladder, wall of GI tract --> Increase lung Surface area, relax bladder, decrease GI |
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Term
| Parasympathetic receptors |
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Definition
| DUMBELS: Defecation, Urination, Myosis, Bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation |
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