Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits carbonic anhydrase |
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Term
|
Definition
| reduces reabsorption of bicarb in the proximal tubule, causing self-limited diuresis, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis reduces body pH, reduced intraocular pressure |
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Term
| Acetazolamide - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| Glaucoma, mountain sickness, edema with alkalosis |
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Term
| Acetazolamide - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
| oral and topical, 8-12 hr DOA, tox - metabolic acidosis, rental stones, hyperammonia in cirrhotics |
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Term
| What kind of drugs are brinzolamide and dorzolamide? What are they used for? |
|
Definition
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, topical for glaucoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| Marked increase in NaCl excretion, some K wasting, hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, increased URINE Ca and Mg |
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Term
| Furosemide - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, hypertension, acute hypercalcemia or hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, anion overdose |
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Term
| Furosemide - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
| Oral and parenteral, 2-4hr DOA, ototoxicity, hypovolemia, K wasting, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia |
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Term
| What are bumetanide and torsemide? |
|
Definition
| Sulfonamide loop agents like furosemide |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not a sulfonamide but has typical loop activity and some uricosuric action |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibition of the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
|
Definition
| Modest increase in NaCl excretion, some K wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, decreased urine Ca |
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|
Term
| HCTZ - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| HTN, mild heart failure, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Oral, duration 8-12 hr, hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia |
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Term
| Metazoline is popular for use WITH what types of drugs? |
|
Definition
| loop agents, for synergistic effect |
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|
Term
| What is the only parenteral thiazide available? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pharmacologist antagonist of aldosterone, weak antagonism of androgen receptors |
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|
Term
| Spironolactone - effects? |
|
Definition
| Reduces Na retention and K wasting, poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in heart and vessels |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| aldosteronism from any cause, hypokalemia occurring from other diuretics, post-MI |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
| Slow onset and offset, 24-28 hr duration, hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, additive interaction with other K-sparing drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reduces Na retention and K wasting, increases lithium clearance |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| hypokalemia occurring from other diuretics, reduces lithium-induced polyuria |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
| orally active, duration 24h, hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like spironolactone, more selective for aldosterone receptor |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanism like amiloride, much less potent and more toxic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanism like amiloride, much less potent and more toxic |
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Term
|
Definition
| physical osmotic effect, contained in the vascular compartment |
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Term
|
Definition
| marked increase in urine flow, reduced brain volume, decreased IOP, initial hyponatremia, then hypernatremia |
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|
Term
| Mannitol - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
| renal failure due to increased solute load (rhabdo, chemo), increased ICP, glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Mannitol - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antagonist at V1a and V2 ADH receptors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces water reabsorption, increases plasma Na concentration |
|
|
Term
| Conivaptan - clinical applications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conivaptan - kinetics, tox? |
|
Definition
| IV only, infusion site reactions |
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