Adverse Effects

Unintended and usually undesired effects that may occur with useof the drug.

Pharmacotherapeutics

Nurses have a vital role in managing drug therapy for people with medical conditions. The nurse uses knowledge about ___ &____

to maximize therapeutic effects of drugs; minimize adverse effects of the drug; and educate pt and family.

1) drug (core drug knowledge)

2) individual patient (core patient variables)

-Pharmacotherapeutics

-Pharmacokinetics

-Pharmacodynamics

-Contraindications and precautions

-Adverse effects

-Drug interactions

-Health Status

-Life span and gender

-lifestyle, diet, and habits

-Environment

-Culture and inherited traits

1) patient interview and history

2) physical examination

3) medical record

-Religious beliefs

-Ethnic practices

Lifestyle, diet, and habits

Nursing diagnoses and outcomes are labels given to the identified interactions between core drug knowledge and core patient variables.

true or false

If conclusions drawn from the evaluation (drug therapy) show that the drug effect or the management plan was not achieved, the nurse must determin why and then respond accordingly.

true or false 

An important goal of home-based drug therapy is for the patients and caregiver to not acquire the knowledge and skills needed to implement drug therapy safely and effectively because that's the nurses job.

true or false

The nursing management of drug therapy does not need to take the home setting into consideration.

true or false

Education is structured so that patients and caregivers can assume maximal responsibility for administering monitoring drug therapy safely and effectively.

true or false

Medical history belongs in the health status category of patient care variables.

true or false

History and present complaints usually dictate which body systems require in-depth assessment.

true or false

The goal of a physical exam (baseline) is to validate history and identify any actual or potential problems related to drug therapy.

true or false

Being familiar with the core drug knowledge about a prototype will help the nurse by ______.

Know something about the drugs related to the prototype in a particular class.

A_______ is a drug that is representative of most of the drugs in a particular drug class.

Prototype

The objective of using the prototype approach is not to generalize the characteristics of all drug classes.  True or false

The Nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure (CHF); she is going to administer the beta blocker carvedilol to the patient. The nurse is not familiar with this medication, so, she takes a minute to look the drug up in the drug book. Under precaution, CHF is listed. On the basis of core drug knowledge, how should the nurse interpret this?

The medication can be given but the patient should be monitored closely for adverse effects.

The culture of a patient is considered when assessing core patient variables. The nurse is caring for a patient who is African American male. How would this variable impact the administration of medications given?

The patient’s cultural background can help a nurse determine the patient’s response to the medication and has an impact on the patient’s willingness to participate in the prescribed therapy.

Kelly is required to create a nursing plan for one of her patient suffering from diabetes. In the process of creating a plan, she needs to obtain information about insulin. What should be considered as part of her core knowledge about the drug?

Adverse effects, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, contraindications and precautions.

Mrs. Kelly Jones, age 65, is admitted to a long-term care facility for an acute respiratory problem. Anne is assigned to complete Mrs. Jones’ admission assessment. Because Anne is meeting Mrs. Jones for the first time, she conducts an extensive interview involving health status, lifestyle, and habits…which other core patient variables should she consider?

When caring for a patient, the nurse must consider the core drug knowledge before administering medications. Anne, the nurse who is caring for Mr. Jones, is about to administer the drug Coumadin (an anticoagulant) to him. She must consider the desired effect of the medication. What core drug knowledge does this involve?

Pharmcotherapeutics

Fiona is a nurse who has been assigned to care for Mr. Robert Hallow, a 49-year-old athlete, who is suffering from acute gout and arthritis. Before Fiona provides drug therapy for him, she needs to collect all information about Mr. Hallow’s core patient variables. She interviews him and checks his past medical records. What additional means of patient assessment should she consider?

She should physically examine the patient to gain insight into his or her characteristics.

The nurse is caring for Ed, 58-year-old male admitted for the third time in the last 2 months due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When the nurse is completing her assessment, which patient core variable would have a negative impact on his ability to comply with the therapeutic regimen?

No other chronic conditions 

ü  Smokes half a pack of cigarettes daily

ü  No health insurance

ü  Lives near a foundry

Many patients who the nurse cares for in the hospital are also taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications. What core patient variable is needed to assess the patient’s OTC medication use?

Health Status. Not only is it used to assess the patient acute and chronic illness but also must comprise a comprehensive drug history that includes OTC medication. This information is essential for determining the appropriate plan of care for the patient.

By learning the core drug knowledge about the prototype, the nurse then knows something about related drugs.

true or false

When a drug is not eliminated as quickly, the drug levels may remain higher. The pateint may then exhibit increased therapeutic effects or be at increased risk for adverse effects.

true or false

True allergic reactions include formation of rash or hives, itching, redness, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylactic shock.

true or false

classified by its chemical base.

For example, morphine sulfate is classified as an opiate or opioid.

classified by how the drug effects on a body system.

For example, morphine sulfate is classified as a central nervous system depressant.

is classified how the drug by its use in therapy.

For example, morphine sulfate is known as an opioid narcotic analgesic.

People died who took antibiotic, d/t (filler) ingredients were toxic

Required all new drugs undergo testing for toxicity

1^st law to strictly control manufacturing & dispense of drugs that have potential for abuse

Classified Drug Schedules (I-V)

 Stages of drug development (remember costs are 200-800 million/drug)

 Preclinical testing (Animals) (1-5 years)

oParameters evaluated are

Toxicity

                                            Pharmacokinetic (how it is MEAD)

          Biological effects

üChemical: Description and nomenclature of chemistry

üGeneric (Non Propriety Name): assigned by the U.S. Adpobted Names Council or Pharmocopoeia (one generic name/drug)

üTrade (Propriety or Brand Name) : intended to make it easier for consumer/providers to remember, given by the company

Sources of drug include plants, animals, minerals, and chemical substances.

True or false

Drug that share similar characteristics are classified in several ways: by clinical indications, effects on body systems, or chemical composition.

true or false

The advantage of genetically engineered drug is their purity. Because no foreign proteins are involved, they do not induce antibody production.

true or false

An advantage of synthetic drugs is that they are pure chemicals and, unlike drugs form a natural source, are unaffected by pharmacodynamic changes--namely, deterioration in potency and stability.

true or false

Synthetic agents (drugs) are usually more expensive to produce than drugs from a natural source.

true or false

Pharmacotherapeutics

Nurses have a vital role in managing drug therapy for people with medical conditions. The nurse uses knowledge about ___ &____

to maximize therapeutic effects of drugs; minimize adverse effects of the drug; and educate pt and family.

1) drug (core drug knowledge)

2) individual patient (core patient variables)

-Pharmacotherapeutics

-Pharmacokinetics

-Pharmacodynamics

-Contraindications and precautions

-Adverse effects

-Drug interactions

-Health Status

-Life span and gender

-lifestyle, diet, and habits

-Environment

-Culture and inherited traits

1) patient interview and history

2) physical examination

3) medical record

-Religious beliefs

-Ethnic practices

Lifestyle, diet, and habits

Nursing diagnoses and outcomes are labels given to the identified interactions between core drug knowledge and core patient variables.

true or false

If conclusions drawn from the evaluation (drug therapy) show that the drug effect or the management plan was not achieved, the nurse must determin why and then respond accordingly.

true or false 

An important goal of home-based drug therapy is for the patients and caregiver to not acquire the knowledge and skills needed to implement drug therapy safely and effectively because that's the nurses job.

true or false

The nursing management of drug therapy does not need to take the home setting into consideration.

true or false

Education is structured so that patients and caregivers can assume maximal responsibility for administering monitoring drug therapy safely and effectively.

true or false

Medical history belongs in the health status category of patient care variables.

true or false

History and present complaints usually dictate which body systems require in-depth assessment.

true or false

The goal of a physical exam (baseline) is to validate history and identify any actual or potential problems related to drug therapy.

true or false

Being familiar with the core drug knowledge about a prototype will help the nurse by ______.

Know something about the drugs related to the prototype in a particular class.

A_______ is a drug that is representative of most of the drugs in a particular drug class.

Prototype

The objective of using the prototype approach is not to generalize the characteristics of all drug classes.  True or false

The Nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure (CHF); she is going to administer the beta blocker carvedilol to the patient. The nurse is not familiar with this medication, so, she takes a minute to look the drug up in the drug book. Under precaution, CHF is listed. On the basis of core drug knowledge, how should the nurse interpret this?

The medication can be given but the patient should be monitored closely for adverse effects.

The culture of a patient is considered when assessing core patient variables. The nurse is caring for a patient who is African American male. How would this variable impact the administration of medications given?

The patient’s cultural background can help a nurse determine the patient’s response to the medication and has an impact on the patient’s willingness to participate in the prescribed therapy.

Kelly is required to create a nursing plan for one of her patient suffering from diabetes. In the process of creating a plan, she needs to obtain information about insulin. What should be considered as part of her core knowledge about the drug?

Adverse effects, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, contraindications and precautions.

Mrs. Kelly Jones, age 65, is admitted to a long-term care facility for an acute respiratory problem. Anne is assigned to complete Mrs. Jones’ admission assessment. Because Anne is meeting Mrs. Jones for the first time, she conducts an extensive interview involving health status, lifestyle, and habits…which other core patient variables should she consider?

When caring for a patient, the nurse must consider the core drug knowledge before administering medications. Anne, the nurse who is caring for Mr. Jones, is about to administer the drug Coumadin (an anticoagulant) to him. She must consider the desired effect of the medication. What core drug knowledge does this involve?

Pharmcotherapeutics

Fiona is a nurse who has been assigned to care for Mr. Robert Hallow, a 49-year-old athlete, who is suffering from acute gout and arthritis. Before Fiona provides drug therapy for him, she needs to collect all information about Mr. Hallow’s core patient variables. She interviews him and checks his past medical records. What additional means of patient assessment should she consider?

She should physically examine the patient to gain insight into his or her characteristics.

The nurse is caring for Ed, 58-year-old male admitted for the third time in the last 2 months due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When the nurse is completing her assessment, which patient core variable would have a negative impact on his ability to comply with the therapeutic regimen?

No other chronic conditions 

ü  Smokes half a pack of cigarettes daily

ü  No health insurance

ü  Lives near a foundry

Many patients who the nurse cares for in the hospital are also taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications. What core patient variable is needed to assess the patient’s OTC medication use?

Health Status. Not only is it used to assess the patient acute and chronic illness but also must comprise a comprehensive drug history that includes OTC medication. This information is essential for determining the appropriate plan of care for the patient.

By learning the core drug knowledge about the prototype, the nurse then knows something about related drugs.

true or false

When a drug is not eliminated as quickly, the drug levels may remain higher. The pateint may then exhibit increased therapeutic effects or be at increased risk for adverse effects.

true or false

True allergic reactions include formation of rash or hives, itching, redness, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylactic shock.

true or false