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Pharm 112
Midterm 1
176
Mathematics
Graduate
09/28/2010

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Cards

Term
ounces to grams
Definition
1 oz = 28.35 grams
Term
Pounds to kg
Definition
2.2 lbs= 1 kg
Term
Fluid ounces to milliliters
Definition
1 fluid oz = 29.57mL
Term
Grains to milligrams
Definition
15.432 gr = 1 gram
Term
Teaspoonful to milliliters
Definition
1 tsp = 5 mL
Term
Tablespoonfuls to milliliters
Definition
1 tbsp = 15 mL
Term
Inches to centimeters
Definition
1 in= 2.54 cm
Term
Amoxicilliln
Definition
Amoxil
Term
Penicillin VK
Definition
Pen Vee K, Veetids
Term
Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic Acid
Definition
Augmentin
Term
Cefuroxime
Definition
Ceftin
Term
Cephalexin
Definition
Keflex
Term
Zithromax, Z pack
Definition
Azithromycin
Term
Cleocin
Definition
Clindamycin
Term
PCE Dispertab, Eryc
Definition
Erythromycin
Term
Biaxin
Definition
Clarithromycin
Term
Cipro
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
Levaquin
Definition
Levofloxacin
Term
Avelox, Vigamox
Definition
Moxifloxacin
Term
Tetracycline
Definition
None
Term
Doxycyline
Definition
Vibramycin, Oracea
Term
Minocycline
Definition
Minocin, Solodyn
Term
Sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim
Definition
Septra, Bactim
Term
Furosemide
Definition
Lasix
Term
Spironolactone
Definition
Aldactone
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
Definition
Microzide
Term
Triamterene/ HCTZ
Definition
Dyazide
Term
Atenolol
Definition
Tenormin
Term
Metoprolol Succinate
Definition
Toprol XL
Term
Metoprolol Tartrate
Definition
Lopressor
Term
Propranolol
Definition
Inderal
Term
Carvedilol
Definition
Coreg
Term
Benzaepril
Definition
Lotensin
Term
Enalapril
Definition
Vasotec
Term
Ramipril
Definition
Altace
Term
Lisinopril
Definition
Prinivil, Zestril
Term
Quinapril
Definition
Accupril
Term
Lisinolpril/ HCTZ
Definition
Prinzide, Zestoretic
Term
Benzepril/ amlodipine
Definition
Lotrel
Term
Irbesartan
Definition
Avapro
Term
Losartan
Definition
Cozaar
Term
Olmesartan
Definition
Benicar
Term
Valsartan
Definition
Diovan
Term
Irbesartan/ HCTZ
Definition
Avalide
Term
Losartan/ HCTZ
Definition
Hyzaar
Term
Olmesartan/ HCTZ
Definition
Benicar HCT
Term
Valsartan/ HCTZ
Definition
Diovan HCT
Term
Amlodipine
Definition
Norvasc
Term
Diltiazem
Definition
Cartia XT
Term
Nifedipine
Definition
Adalat CC
Term
Nisoldipine
Definition
Sular
Term
nifedipine
Definition
procardia XL
Term
Verapamil
Definition
Calan, isoptin
Term
Insulin Detemir
Definition
Levemir
Term
Insulin NPH Human
Definition
Humulin N
Term
Insulin glargine
Definition
Lantus
Term
Insulin aspart
Definition
Novolog
Term
Insulin lispro
Definition
Humalog
Term
Glimepiride
Definition
Amaryl
Term
Glipizide
Definition
Glucotrol
Term
Glyburide
Definition
Diabeta
Term
Metformin
Definition
Glucophage
Term
Pioglitazone
Definition
Actos
Term
Rosiglitazone
Definition
Term
Pioglitazone/metformin
Definition
Actoplus Met
Term
Rosiglitazone/ metformin
Definition
Avandamet
Term
Sitagliptin
Definition
Januvia
Term
Sitagliptin/ metformin
Definition
Janumet
Term
Atorvastatin
Definition
Lipitor
Term
Lovastatin
Definition
Mevacor
Term
Prevastatin
Definition
Pravachol
Term
Rosuvastatin
Definition
Crestor
Term
Simvastatin
Definition
Zocor
Term
Fenofibrate
Definition
Tricor
Term
Ezetimibe
Definition
Zetia
Term
Simvastatin/ Ezetimibe
Definition
Vytorin
Term
Class of amoxicillin
Definition
Penicillin
Term
Penicillin Class
Definition
Penicillin
Term
Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic Acid Class
Definition
Augmentin
Term
Cefuroxime Class
Definition
Cephalosporins
Term
Cephalexin Class
Definition
Keflex
Term
Azithromycin Class
Definition
Macrolide- antibiotic
Term
Clindamycin class
Definition
Macrolide- antibiotic
Term
Erythromycin class
Definition
Macrolide- infection
Term
clarithromycin class
Definition
Macrolides- antibiotics
Term
Ciprofloxacin class
Definition
Fluoroquinolone- antibiotic
Term
Levofloxacin class
Definition
Fluoroquinolones- antibiotics
Term
Moxifloxacin class
Definition
Fluoroquinolones- antibiotics
Term
Tetracycline class
Definition
Tetracycline- antibiotic
Term
Doxycycline class
Definition
Tetracycline- antibiotic
Term
Minocycline class
Definition
tetracycline- antibiotic
Term
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim class
Definition
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim- antibiotic
Term
Furosemide class
Definition
Thiazide Diuretics- hypertension
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide class
Definition
Thiazide Diuretic- hypertension
Term
Triamterene
Definition
Potassium sparing diuretic- hypertension
Term
Spironolactone class
Definition
Potassium sparing type diuretic- hypertension
Term
Atenolol class
Definition
Beta1 blocker, hypertension
Term
Metoprolol Succinate class
Definition
Beta1 Blocker hypertension
Term
Metoprolol tartrate
Definition
beta 1 blocker, hypertension
Term
Propranolol class
Definition
Beta blocker hypertension
Term
carvedilol class
Definition
beta blocker hypertension
Term
benazepril class
Definition
ACE inhibitor-hypertension
Term
Enalapril class
Definition
ACE inhibitor hypertension
Term
Ramipril class
Definition
Ace inhibitor hypertension
Term
Lisinopril class
Definition
ACE inhibitor hypertension
Term
Quinapril class
Definition
ACE inhibitor hypertension
Term
Irbesartan class
Definition
Angiotensin II receptor blocker- hypertension
Term
Losartan class
Definition
Angiotensin Receptor II blocker- hypertension
Term
Olmesartan class
Definition
Angiotension II receptor blocker- hypertension
Term
Valsartan class
Definition
Angiotensin II receptor blocker hypertension
Term
Amlodipine class
Definition
Calcium channel blocker hypertension
Term
Diltiazem class
Definition
Calcium channel blocker hypertension
Term
nifedipine class
Definition
calcium channel blocker hypertension
Term
nisoldipine class
Definition
calcium channel blocker hypertension
Term
verapamil class
Definition
calcium channel blocker hypertension
Term
Insulin lispro class
Definition
Type I diabetes
Short acting insulin
Term
Glulisine insulin class
Definition
Type I diabetes
Short acting insulin
Term
Regular insulin (Humulin) class
Definition
Type I diabetes
Short acting insulin
Term
Neutral protamine (Humulin N) class
Definition
Type I diabetes
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Term
Glargine Insulin (Lantus) class
Definition
Type I Diabetes
Long Acting Insulin
Term
Glimepiride class
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Type II Diabetes
Term
Glipizide class
Definition
Sulfonylurea
Type II Diabetes
Term
Gluburide class
Definition
Sulfonylurea
Type II diabetes
Term
Metformin class
Definition
Biguanides
Type II diabetes
Term
Pioglitazone class
Definition
Glitazones
Type II diabetes
Term
Rosiglitazone class
Definition
Glitazone
Type II diabetes
Term
Sitagliptin class
Definition
DPP-IV inhibitor
Type II diabetes
Term
Exenatide class
Definition
Incretin Mimetics
Type II diabetes
Term
Atorvastatin class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
hyperlipidemia
Term
Lovastatin class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
hyperlipidemia
Term
Pravastatin class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
hyperlipidemia
Term
Rosuvastatin class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
hyperlipidemia
Term
Simvastatin class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
hyperlipidemia
Term
Niacin class
Definition
Hyperlipidemia
Term
Fenofibrate class
Definition
Fibrates
Hyperlipidemia
Term
Ezetimibe class
Definition
Cholesterol Absorption inhitor
hyperlipidemia
Term
Therapeutic effect of penicillins
Definition
Inhibit cell wall synthesis and kill bacteria
Term
Therapeutic effect of cephalosporins
Definition
inhibit cell wall synthesis and kill bacteria
Term
Therapeutic effect of macrolides
Definition
binds to 50s subunit of the bacteria ribosome inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and kills infection
Term
Side effects of penicillins
Definition
GI disturbance (Diarrhea), allergic reations, allergic rashes
Term
Side effects of cephalosporins
Definition
GI disturnaces, allergic reaction and rash, and diarrhea
Term
Side effects of macrolides
Definition
GI disturbances, diarrhea,
use caution in patients with imparied liver function
Term
Fluoroquinolones therapeutic effect
Definition
inhibits replication of bacterial DNA and cause bacterial cell death by inducing cleavage of DNA. treat infection
Term
Fluoroquinolone side effects
Definition
Diarrhea, nausea, headache and dizziness
Term
Tetracycline therapeutic effects
Definition
binds to 30 s subunit of bacterial ribosome and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and treats infection
Term
Tetracycline side effects
Definition
GI disturbances, diarrhea, desposition of drug in bones and teeth, avoid in pregnanacy, phototoxicity, and vertigo with minocycline
Term
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim therapeutic effect
Definition
Sulfonamide inhibits the synthesis of folic acid and trimethoprim prevents the conversion of folic acid to its active form and treats infection
Term
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole side effects
Definition
Diarrhea, nausea, hypersensitivity ( rashes and stevens-johnson) phototoxicity
Term
Therapeutic effects of Diuretics
Definition
Work by increasing sodium re-absorption in kidney tubule and thus increasing sodium and water excretion
Results in decrease ECFV and a decrease in BP
Controls hypertension
Term
Side effects of diuretics
Definition
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia, hyperurcemia, orthostatic hypotension
decreased lipido in K+ sparing
Term
Therapeutic effect of beta blockers
Definition
Block β1 receptors heart
Reduces BP by decreasing heart rate and thus cardiac output
Decrease sympathetic output from CNS
Inhibit release of renin from the kidney
Treats hypertension
Term
Side Effects of diuretic
Definition
Hyperkalemic, hyperuricemia, gout, hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes and decreased lipido in k sparing diuretics
Term
Side Effects of Beta Blockers
Definition
Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, decreased lipido, vertigo, bradycardia, depression
Term
Therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBS
Definition
Inhibit the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotenesin II
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor
Treats hypertension
Term
Side effect of ACE Inhibitor and ARBS
Definition
Dry cough, hyperkalemia, vertigo, HA, skin rash
Term
Therapeutic effect for calcium channel blockers
Definition
Potent vasodilators
Inhibit calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle
Inhibits calcium dependent process leading to muscle contraction
Results in vasodilatation
Treats hypertension
Term
Side effect of calcium channel blockers
Definition
Constipation, HA, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension
Term
Side effects of insulin
Definition
trachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis
Term
Therapeutic effect of sulfonylureas
Definition
Promote insulin release from  cells in pancreas
Reduce glucagon secretion
Reduction in hepatic glucose production
Increase binding of insulin to target receptors
Control diabetes
Term
Side effects of sulfonylureas
Definition
hypoglycemia, weight gain, photoxicity
Term
Therapeutic effects of Biguanides
Definition
Insulin sensitizer
Does not promote insulin secretion and does not cause hypoglycemia
Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis
Increases glucose uptake and utilization by target tissues
Reduces insulin resistance
Reduces LDL and VLDL
Reduces cardiovascular mortality
Treats diabetes
Term
Side effects of biguaindes
Definition
Nausea, GI disturbance, fatal lactic acidosis
Term
Therapeutic effect of glitazones
Definition
It’s primary action is enhancement of insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver.
Does not increase insulin secretion and does not cause hypoglycemia
Treat diabetes
Term
Side effect of glitazones
Definition
weight gain, fluid retention, risk of hepatotoxicity and heart failure
Term
Therapeutic effect of DPP-IV inhibitor
Definition
Acts as a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor which acts by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones
Incretin hormones are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis
Incretin increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in the circulation
Treats diabetes
Term
Side effects of DPP-IV
Definition
head aches, skin rash, angioedema, and stevens johnson syndrome and nasopharyngitis
Term
Therapeutics effect of incretin mimetic
Definition
Mimics the enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and other antihyperglycemic actions of incretin.
Treats diabetes
Term
Side effects of incretin mimeticsq
Definition
Severe abdominal pain associated iwth the development of pancreatitis
Term
Therapeutic effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
Definition
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Inhibits conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid
Enzyme controls the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
Results in a decrease in the intracellular supply of cholesterol
This leads to an increase in the number of cell surface LDL receptors that bind LDL
Treats hyperlipidemia
Term
Therapeutic effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
Definition
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Inhibits conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid
Enzyme controls the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
Results in a decrease in the intracellular supply of cholesterol
This leads to an increase in the number of cell surface LDL receptors that bind LDL
Treats hyperlipidemia
Term
Side effects of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors
Definition
Livertoxicity, myopathy, contraindicated in pregnancy
Term
Therapeutic effect of niacin
Definition
Reduces LDL by 10-20%
Lowers triglyceride levels
Most effective for increasing HDL
Treats hyperlipidemia
Term
Side effects of niacin
Definition
Intense cutaneous and risk of hepatotoxicity
Term
Therapeutic effects of fibrates
Definition
Derivatives of fibric acid
Lower triglycerides and increase HDL levels
Very complicated mechanism of action
Work through peroxisome proliferator receptor and fibrate mediated gene encoding for lipoprotein structure and function
Treats hyperlipidemia
Term
Side effects of fibrates
Definition
GI disturbnaces, myopathy, pancreatitis
Term
Therapeutic effect of cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Definition
Inhibits intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine
Decrease in delivery of cholesterol to liver
Reduces hepatic cholesterol stores
Increases cholesterol clearance from blood
Treats hypertension
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