Term
|
Definition
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in proximal tubule
diuretic
Glaucoma therapy and ocular surgery, urinary alkalinization, epilepsy
Acute mountain sickness
--
Sulfonamide derivative-cause skin allergy
Cause kidney stones
metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia |
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Term
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Definition
osmotic diuretic
used in acute renal failure
reduce intraocular and intracranial pressure
elimination of toxins
decrease edema
--
patients with pulmonary congestion lead to pulmonary edema |
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Term
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Definition
Loop Diuretic
Inhibits NA+ K+ Cl- Symport
Hypercalcemia
Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension- short-acting
Drug Overdose
--
sulfonamide derivative
hypotension, hypovolemia, hyponatreia, hypocholoremic alkalosis and hypokalemia
Gout
enhanced excretion of Na, Cl, K, H, Ca, Mg ammonium and phosphate |
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Term
| Ethacrynic Acid (edecrin) |
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Definition
Loop Diuretic
Inhibits NA+ K+ Cl- Symport
Hypercalcemia
Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension
Drug Overdose
--
sulfonamide derivative
hypotension, hypovolemia, hyponatreia, hypocholoremic alkalosis and hypokalemia
Gout
enhanced excretion of Na, Cl, K, H, Ca, Mg ammonium and phosphate
Ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing impariment, vertigo) |
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Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril) |
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Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibits Na+ Cl- symport
secreted by organic acid secretory system
INC Ca Reabsorption
Hypertension
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Neprhogenic Diabetes Insipidius
--
Hypokalemia
Gout
Sulfonamide allergy
Hyperglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibits Na+ Cl- symport
secreted by organic acid secretory system
INC Ca Reabsorption
Hypertension
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Neprhogenic Diabetes Insipidius
--
Hypokalemia
Gout
Sulfonamide allergy
Hyperglycemia |
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Term
| Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) |
|
Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibits Na+ Cl- symport
secreted by organic acid secretory system
INC Ca Reabsorption
Hypertension
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Neprhogenic Diabetes Insipidius
--
Hypokalemia
Gout
Sulfonamide allergy
Hyperglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibits Na+ Cl- symport
secreted by organic acid secretory system
INC Ca Reabsorption
Hypertension
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Neprhogenic Diabetes Insipidius
DOES NOT INC LDL, or TRIGLYCERIDES
--
Hypokalemia
Gout
Sulfonamide allergy
Hyperglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
K+ Sparing Diuretic
inhibits Na+ channels in distal tubule
Useful in treating Liddle's Syndrome
--
Hyperkalemia
Caution with ACE inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
K+ Sparing Diuretic
inhibits Na+ channels in distal tubule
Useful in treating Liddle's Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis
--
Hyperkalemia
Caution with ACE inhibitor |
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Term
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
|
Definition
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Aldosterone Antagonist
effect seen on 3rd day
treat hyperaldosteronism
--
unwanted antiandrogen effects
caution with ace inhibitors
hyperkalemia |
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Term
|
Definition
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Aldosterone Antagonist
effect seen on 3rd day
treat hyperaldosteronism
--
caution with ace inhibitors
hyperkalemia |
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Term
|
Definition
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Aldosterone Antagonist
-- |
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Term
| Desmopressin Acetate DDAVP |
|
Definition
Anti-diuretic
nocturnal enuresis and central diabetes |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Andrenergic Neuron Blocker
depletes NE irreversibly
--
Sedation and depression, postural hypotension, bradykardia and fluid retention, diarrhea and peptic ulcers due to parasymp effects |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive for pregnancy
Andrenergic Neuron Blocker
--
induces autoimmune and parkinsonian signs |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Andrenergic Neuron Blocker
--
fluid retention and rebound hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
A1 blocker
may improve glucose tolerance
--
Postural hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
A1 blocker
may improve glucose tolerance
--
Postural hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
A1 blocker
may improve glucose tolerance
--
Postural hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
partial agonist
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
--
rebound hypertenstion |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Beta Blocker
partial agonist |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
A1/B blocker and NO-releasing
for severe hypertension
--
alpha-blockade or dizziness |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
A1/B blocker and NO-releasing
--
headache and fatigue |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Direct arterial dialator
--
lupus-like reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
Antihypertensive
Direct arterial dialator
for patients with renal insufficiency
--
cause considerable hair growth |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
suppress cardiac output
reduce BP regardless of Na intake
--
EXCESSIVE bradycardia, nausea, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
suppress cardiac output
reduce BP regardless of Na intake
--
nausea, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
reduce BP regardless of Na intake
--
nausea, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
--
nausea, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, tachycardia
reduce BP regardless of Na intake |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
reduce BP regardless of Na intake
--
nausea, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor long acting
good with renal insufficiency
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
|
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor long acting
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
|
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Term
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor long acting
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension
high bradykinin ->cough
angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin II Blocker
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin II Blocker
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
Angiotensin II Blocker
good for diabetic nephropathy
--
hyperkalemia and hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
enhances LDL uptake-decreasing plasma conc
--
increase in liver enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
Bile acid binding resin
exchange chloride for bile acids, dec LDL
--
bloating, nausea, constipation
inhibit absorption of thiazides, antibiotics, barbituates, ezetimibe, statins
interfere with fat soluble vitamins and iron absorption |
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Term
Statins
Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin |
|
Definition
HMG-Co A reductase inhibitors
inhibit cholesterol synthesis
very powerful
increase HDL
--
constipation, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, rash, blurred vision, nausea-- all mild
liver dysfunction
myopathy
not for liver disease or pregnancy/lactation |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits intracellular lipolysis
reduces fatty acids, plasma VLDL
INCREASES HDL a lot
--
itching and burning of skin
hypotension if on hypertension drugs
inc liver enzymes
mild hyperglycemia
GI and peptic ulcers
inc uric acid |
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|
Term
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate |
|
Definition
increase lipoprotein lipase
increase clearance of VLDL
treats primary hyperlipidemias and hypertriglyceridemia from apolipoprotein E defect
--
gallstones
GI upset and nausea
myopathy when combined with statins |
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Term
|
Definition
Omega 3 acid ethyl ester
inhibit heptatic synth of trigylcerides from fatty acids
DOES NOT dec LDL
--
flu like symptoms
GI distress
bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
Fast acting insulin
--
hypoglycemia
weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
Intermediate acting Insulin
--
hypoglycemia
weight gain |
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Term
| Insulin Detemir, Glargine |
|
Definition
Long duration insulin
--
hypoglycemia
weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release (DM 2 only)
--
Sulanomide SJS reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release (DM 2 only)
--
Sulanomide SJS reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release (DM 2 only)
glucose conc dependent |
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Term
|
Definition
lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release (DM 2 only)
glucose conc dependent |
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Term
|
Definition
antihyperglycemic agent for DM 2
improves tissue sensitivity to insulin
lower BP and VLDL, LDL
weight loss
--
Requires good renal function
GI effects
lactic acidosis
competes for excretion with morphine, quinidine, triametrene |
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|
Term
Glitazones
Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone |
|
Definition
antihyperglycemic agents for DM 2
activate PPARs increasing glucose transport molecules
decrease triglyceride livels, BP, and increased HDL
--
requires good liver function
highly protein bound
fluid retention and edema
weight gain
Myocardial infarction with rosiglitazone |
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Term
|
Definition
a-glucosidase inhibitor
reversibly inhibit intestinal a-glucosidase enzymes that digest carbohydrates--excreted
for both T1 and T2 DM
--
Common GI disturbances (gas) |
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Term
|
Definition
Incretin Mimetics
mimic endogenous peptide hormones that enhance glucose secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety
weight loss
--
hypoglycemia
GI side effects
take antibiotics and BC 1 hr before |
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Term
|
Definition
DDP-IV inhibitor for T2 DM
prevents endogenous incretin hormone degredation
lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose-dependent insulin release, decreasing glucagon release
--
hypoglycemia
upper respiratory infection and headaches
inc ACE inhibitor related angioedema |
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Term
|
Definition
Amylin analog for T1 and T2 DM
slows gastric emptying, inhibits glucagon secretion and increases satiety
--
hypoglycemia in T1
take antibiotics and BC 1 hr before |
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