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Petroleum Section C
alkenes, alkynes, functional groups
32
Chemistry
10th Grade
03/30/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Classify as an alkane, alkene or alkyne:

 

C12H22

Definition

Alkyne.  The general formula for an alkyne is CnH2n-2.

 

Alkynes have a triple bond between 2 carbon atoms in the molecule.

Term

Which compound is more soluble in liquid hexane:

 

[image]       or      [image]

Definition

[image] 

 

because it is more "like" hexane - it is a hydrocarbon chain without any functional groups, like hexane. 

 

Remember the phrase "like dissolves like."

Term

Classify as an alcohol, acid or ester:

 

[image]

Definition

It is an ester.

 

Remember that esters have the general structure

 

[image]

Term

Phenol is the name of the compound consisting of a benzene ring with an alcohol functional group attached.

 

1.  Draw the structural formula.

2.  Write the molecular formula.

Definition

   [image]                     or    

 

 

 

       [image]

 

C6H6O is the molecular formula

Term

Draw the line angle structure of 2-pentanol. 

 

 

Definition

[image]

The ends of the molecule do not necessarily need the CH3 written in.

Term

Name this compound:

 

C7H16

Definition

Heptane. 

 

We know it's an alkane because of the general formula CnH2n+2

Term
Describe the structural formula and shape of the molecule ethyne.
Definition

Ethyne has a triple bond between the carbon atoms:

 

[image]


The 4 atoms in ethyne would all be in a straight line.

Term

Name this compound:

 

[image]

Definition
Cyclohexane.
Term
A triple convalent bond between two carbon atoms contains how many electrons?
Definition
6 electrons.
Term

1.  What does the "R" in    [image]   mean?

 

2.  What class of molecule is this?

Definition

1.  The "R" stands for the rest of the carbon chain in the molecule.

 

2.  This is an acid.

Term
Draw the structural formula of propyne.
Definition
[image]
Term
Alkenes are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.  Explain what this means.
Definition
Not all of the carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.  When you make a double bond, you must remove hydrogens.
Term

1.  Alcohol, acid or ester?

 

[image]

 

2.  Name this compound.

Definition
It is an acid - propanoic acid.
Term

Draw the structure of the ester produced from the reaction below:

 

   butanoic acid + ethanol   -->

Definition
[image]
Term
What is the general formula for an alkene?
Definition
CnH2n
Term

Draw an isomer of

 

  [image]

Definition

3 possibilities:

  

[image]              [image] 

[image]

Term

Name this compound:

 

[image]

Definition

propene

 

(not 1-propene, because there is no other place for the double bond to go, therefore you don't need the "1"

Term

Alcohol, ester or acid (and name it):

 

[image]

Definition
alcohol - it is named ethanol.
Term

1.  What is the molecular formula of cycloheptane?

 

2.  Draw the structural formula.

Definition

C7H14

 

[image]

Term

True or False:

 

1.  Carbon always makes 4 bonds.

 

2.  Carbon always bonds to 4 other atoms.

 

3.  Carbon has a molar mass of 6 g/mol.

Definition

1.  TRUE

 

2.  FALSE

 

3.  FALSE.  The molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol.

Term
Draw the structure of benzene, showing all hydrogens.
Definition
[image]
Term

Is the molecule

 

CH3CHCHCH2CH3

 

saturated or unsaturated?

Definition
Unsaturated.  Since two middle carbons are only bonded to one hydrogen each, they must be double bonded to each other.
Term

Which compound is more soluble in water:

 


 [image]          or

 

 

 

[image]

Definition

Methanol, because the nonpolar part of the compound (the carbon part) is smaller.  Water doesn't have any carbon atoms, so the smaller hydrocarbon is more soluble in water.

 

They are both soluble to some extent, because both have the -OH functional group like water.

Term

Toluene is a commonly-used organic solvent.  It is a benzene ring with a methyl group substituted for a hydrogen.

 

 

1.  Draw the structural formula.

 

2.  Write the molecular formula.

Definition

 

[image]

[image] 

 

 

 C7H8

Term

Which acid is required to synthesize this ester?

Name the acid.

 

[image]

Definition
Ethanoic acid
Term
To make an ester, you react an ____ with an ____.
Definition

 

 

acid       alcohol

Term
Ester molecules have how many oxygen atoms in their structures?
Definition

Two.  See the general structure of an ester below.

 

[image]

Term

In this general formula for an ester, the R' group comes from the (acid / alcohol).

 

[image]

Definition
alcohol
Term

 

Cis, trans, or neither:

 

 

[image]

Definition

 

trans (look at the methyl groups)

Term

 

Cis, trans, or neither:

 

[image]

Definition

 

 

Trans

Term

Cis, trans, or neither:

 

 

[image]

Definition

 

neither

Term
What does the "circle" inside  the structural formula of a benzene molecule symbolize?
Definition
6 electrons, equally shared among all of the carbon-to-carbon bonds.
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